C10.2: Markers Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in C10.2: Markers Deck (19)
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1
Q

what risk factors are soft markers related to

A
  • previous preg
  • family history
  • maternal age
  • maternal serum testing results
2
Q

what are the 8 soft markers for chromo abnormalities seen on ultrasound

A
  • nuchal fold
  • echogenic bowel
  • mild ventriculomegaly
  • EIF
  • CPCs
  • single umbilical artery
  • enlarged cisterna magna
  • pyelectasis
3
Q

which 3 soft markers, when seen alone, are not associated w/ chromo abnormalities but have an increased risk of abnormalities if seen w/ other markers

A
  • single umbilical artery
  • enlarged cisterna magna
  • pyelectasis
4
Q

single umbilical artery is suggestive for which abnormalities

A
  • cardiac (should do fetal echo at 24 wks)
  • renal
  • growth restrictions/low birth weight
5
Q

what are the criteria for EIF

where would they be seen and how should we check for them

A

-must be as bright as bone

  • seen in 4 CH view
  • split screen and turn down the gains until bone disappears… if EIF still seen then they’re true EIF
6
Q

where do most EIF occur

A

the LV (88% only in LV)… quite common

then 5% ONLY in RV
then 7% biventricular

7
Q

EIF in which areas are the most significant

A

RV and biventricular

8
Q

are EIFs associated w/ congenital heart disease

A

no

9
Q

what should the nuchal fold measure from 16-17 6/7 wks?

18-24 wks?

A

16-17 6/7 wks:
< or = 5 mm

18-24 wks:
< or = 6 mm

10
Q

when assessing for echogenic bowel, your probe frequency should be < or = to what values

A

5 MHz

11
Q

how do you assess for echogenic bowel

A

-split screen and turn down the gains until bone disappears… if bowel still echogenic then its problematic

12
Q

what is echogenic bowel most commonly associated w/ other than T 21

A

non-chromo abnormalities:

  • cystic fibrosis (main association)
  • congenital infection
  • intra-amniotic bleeding
13
Q

what is considered short for gestation age for long bones

A
  • below 2.5% for gestational age (femur or humerus)

- >.9 of that predicted by the BPD

14
Q

how do we document CPCs

what value is considered abnormal

A

in 2 planes

> or = to 3 mm

15
Q

what value for pyelectasis is considered abnormal b/w 16-20 wks?

A

> or = 5mm

16
Q

if the renal pelvis is dilated to >10mm at any time during pregnancy, what does this indicate

A

renal blockage or hydronephrosis

17
Q

what value is considered mild ventriculomegaly

A

> or = 10 mm

18
Q

is the nasal bone routinely imaged at the 18 wk scan

A

no

19
Q

is ethnicity a factor when considering a small nasal bone

A

yes