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C4- Soil Fertility And Evaluatiom Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

refers to the inherent capacity of the soil to
provide nutrients to plants in the right amount and correct
proportions

A

Soil fertility

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2
Q

capability of a soil for producing plants
under a specified system of management

A

Soil productivity

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3
Q

Is one of the factors of soil productivity.
Sometimes a soil may be fertile but may not be productive.

A

Fertility

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4
Q

is measured by the amount of chemical elements
or compounds required for plant growth

A

Fertility

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5
Q

is measured by the yield of the crop per unit
area of the land

A

Productivity

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6
Q

The following are Biological test. Except:
a. Field trials
b. Pot culture/greenhouse trials
c. Use of indicator plants
d. Plant tissue test
e. Microbial test

A

D.

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7
Q

.- uniform or
interveinal yellowing or
light green coloring
leaves

A

Chlorosis

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8
Q

death of leaf
tips/leaf tissue, tissue
browns and die

A

Necrosis

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9
Q

Reddening or purplish color-
due to accumulation of___?

A

anthocyanins

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10
Q

reduced plant height
and shortened internodes

A

Stunting

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11
Q

death of new shoots,
terminal/axillary buds or
flowers, new leaves die
back or exhibit rossetting

A

New growth cessation

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12
Q

Older leaves pale first
o New leaves are
smaller
o Reduced branching

These are symptoms of what deficiency?

A

Nitrogen deficiency symptoms

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13
Q

urea fertilizer grade?

A

46-0-0

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14
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 21-0-0-24S
▪ Contains 24% S
▪ Soluble, readily available source of N
and S

What fertilizer is this

A

Ammonium sulfate: (NH4)2SO4

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15
Q

Fertilizer grade: 82-0-0
▪ Fertilizer with the highest analysis
of N
▪ Stored as a liquid under pressure
▪ Injected in the soils as a gas
▪ Highly caustic: requires use of
protective equipment, and subject
to regulations (use, transport, etc.)

A

Anhydrous ammonia: NH3

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16
Q

Fertilizer grade: 34-0-0
▪ Physical form: solid or liquid
▪ Hygroscopic: absorbs water from the air
▪ Can cause salt toxicity

A

Ammonium nitrate: NH4NO3

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17
Q

Fertilizer grade: 28-0-0 TO 32-0-0
▪ Soluble, readily available N source
▪ Liquid fertilizer product made by
dissolving urea and ammonium nitrate
in water
▪ Urea portion is subject to NH3
volatilization

A

Urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN):
Urea+ NH4NO3

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18
Q

Application rate of chucken manure and vermicast

A

Application rate: 5-10 t ha-1

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19
Q

%N chicken manure

A

2.08%

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20
Q

Dwarf and stunted plants
o Slow growth
o Purpling of stem and
underside of leaves

Deficiency symptoms of what?

A

Phosphorus deficiency

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21
Q

Fertilizer grade: 0-18-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Generally very insoluble

A

Solophos

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22
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 0-46-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Acidifying agent
▪ Water-soluble

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

A

A.

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23
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 11-52-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Soluble, readily available source of P
and N
▪ May create an acidic zone around fertilizer granules

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

24
Q

▪ Fertilizer grade: 18-46-0
▪ Physical form: solid
▪ Soluble, readily available source of P
and N
▪ Initial soil reaction can produce free
NH3(high pH, basic) which can cause
seedling injury if too much is placed
near the seed

A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2
B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4
C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4
D. Ammonium polyphosphate:
Ca(NH4H2PO4)2

25
Fertilizer grade: 10-34-0 or 11-37-0 ▪ Physical form: liquid ▪ Soluble, readily available source of P and N ▪ Popular source for starter fertilizer A. Triple superphosphate: Ca(H2PO4)2 B. Monoammonium phosphate: NH4H2PO4 C. Diammonium phosphate: (NH4)2H2PO4 D. Ammonium polyphosphate: Ca(NH4H2PO4)2
D.
26
o Chlorosis of the leaf margin o Leaf necrosis o Green veins with curled leaves o Blotchy ripening in tomato ____deficiency symptoms
Potassium
27
The ff are Calcium deficiency symptoms. EXCEPT o Blossom end-rot o Water-soaked spot o Downward cupped leaves o Reduced leaf size o Purpling of stem and underside of leaves
Purpling of stem and underside of leaves
28
o Interveinal chlorosis on older leaves o Leaf margins curl upward o Stunted growth o Ripe fruit is not sweet _______deficiency symptoms
Magnesium
29
o Misshapen papaya fruits o Deformed sweet potato roots o Hollow heart in peanut/mango/caulifl ower o Hollowness in tomato ____deficiency symptoms
Boron
30
Application rate of ferrous sulfate
0.4%
31
Soil factor resulting in deficiency “Excessive on coarse-textured low organic matter soils”
N, k
32
The term used to describe a plant that shows no obvious deficiency symptoms, yet the nutrient content is not sufficient to give the top profitable yield
Hidden hunger
33
T or f Fertilization with sure rate rather than the bare economic optimum for an average leaf helps to obtain the top profitable yield.
T
34
A quantitative analysis based on the concept that if the content of a particular nutrient in the plant is greater the higher its availability in the soil
Plant tissue analysis
35
There is no basic relationship between the content of a plant nutrient and the growth or yield of the plant. T or f?
F- THERE IS A BASIC RELATIONSHIP between the content of a plant nutrient and the growth or yield of the plant
36
the most critical stage of growth for tissue testing is at the time of bloom or from bloom to early fruiting stage T/f?
T
37
“Factors affecting essential nutrient element concentration in plants” -soil tilth, structure, compaction, soil surface conditions A. Soil chemical factors- B. Treatment factors- C. Soil physical factors D. Crop factors
C.
38
organic matter content, water pH, level of essential elements A. Soil chemical factors- B. Treatment factors- C. Soil physical factors D. Crop factors
A
39
Serves an option to monitor the fertility of the soil while the plant is already growing
Plant tissue analysis
40
• Estimates the nutrient supplying capacity of a soil. • Measures a portion of a nutrient that is used by plants. • Results are used to generate fertilizer recommendation. • Determine soil’s nutrient status before a crop is planted.
Soil chemical analysis:
41
____% of all errors in fertilizer recommendations based on soil test is due to poor soil sampling procedures
90%
42
Tools needed during soil sampling:
auger shovel bolo pale trowel marker sando bag
43
Using the zig-zag sampling, take at least 10-15 samples and mix inside the pale T or f
F- 10-20 samples
44
Topsoil-_____ cm depth for shallow rooted crops such as rice, corn & vegetables.
0 to 25cm
45
Subsoil- ___cm depth for fruit trees such as mango & coconut.
25 to 50 cm
46
Soil testing should be done every 1-2 years T or f
T
47
This involves the planting of the crop in the soil being evaluated ❖Plants are grown in different levels of nutrients and the growth and yield performance of the crop is monitored and compared.
Biological test
48
Biological test could either be?
a. pot experiment b. field fertilizer experiment
49
determines lime requirement of soil ❑ indicator of Ca, P and K deficiency A. Aspergillus niger test B. Azotobacter plaque test C. Cunninghamella plaque test D. CO2 evolution
B.
50
❑ determine P, K, Cu, Mg, Mo, Co, Mn requirement of plants ❑ color of mycelia and spores are indicator of Cu & Mn present in soil A. Aspergillus niger test B. Azotobacter plaque test C. Cunninghamella plaque test D. CO2 evolution
A.
51
determines P content in soil ❑ size of mycelia indicates P supply in soil A. Aspergillus niger test B. Azotobacter plaque test C. Cunninghamella plaque test D. CO2 evolution
C
52
To determine Potassium deficiency, a small amounts of soil are incubated for a period of___ days in flasks containing appropriate solutions.
4 days
53
The organism_____ is sensitive to the phosphorus status of the growing medium.
Cunninghamella
54
Cunninghamella blakesleana is used in____ soil
Calcareous soil
55
It is based on the principle of intensive uptake of nutrient elements by growing a large no. of seedlings on a small quantity of soil
Neubauer Seedling method
56
In this technique, 100 seedlings of rye are made to feed exhaustively on 100 g of soil mixed with 50g sand (Nutrient free quartz) for 17 days in petri dishes of (11 cmx7cm). A blank without any soil is also run.
Neubauer Seedling method

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