C41 MB

Question 1

What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of protein

Answer 1

Proteins serve a variety of functions, and the body requires amino acids in the diet to build new protein.

Question 2

Which of these digestive effects would not be caused by a molecule that selectively blocks the sodium-glucose cotransporter?

Answer 2

Watery feces due to increased water movement into the large intestine because of the high glucose concentration

Question 3

Terrestrial vertebrates are exposed to _____ risk of water loss, and water reabsorption is the primary function of the ______ intestine.

Answer 3

increased; large

Question 4

Aquatic vertebrates _______ need to reabsorb large amounts of water from their feces

Answer 4

do not

Question 5

The _____ gastrointestinal tracts of herbivores allow more time to digest plants & algae, and provide more area to house symbiotic microbes that in the digestion of _______

Answer 5

longer; vegetation

Question 6

The minnows likely _____ in overall body size, so ____ fish could have had longer guts regardless of diet. Dividing gut length by body length allowed the researchers to rule out differences in gut length due solely to differences in body size. Knowledge about relative gut length makes the researchers _______ consider if the fish is carnivorous or herbivorous.

Answer 6

varied; larger; able to

Question 7

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food _____.

Answer 7

have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food

Question 8

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Answer 8

have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs

Question 9

Coprophagy benefits animals by allowing them to ________.

Answer 9

absorb more nutrients from food

Question 10

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Answer 10

a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells

Question 10

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having ________.

Answer 10

a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells

Question 11

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells _____.

Answer 11

initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach

Question 12

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Answer 12

These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.

Question 13

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Answer 13

parietal cells

Question 14

Part complete
Orlistat is an anti-obesity drug that acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by binding to enzymes that digest fat. Which would be a potential target of orlistat?

Answer 14

Pancreatic lipase

Question 15

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine. What is their function?

Answer 15

To reabsorb water from the lumen of the large intestine

Question 16

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes ________.

Answer 16

are catalyzed by enzymes produced in the pancreas

Question 17

Complex macromolecules in food are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as ________.

Answer 17

monomers

Question 18

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that _____.

Answer 18

most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood

Question 19

Choose the correct statements regarding digestion.

Answer 19

• Pancreatic lipase performs the majority of chemical digestion of lipids.
• Pepsin digests proteins in the stomach.

Question 20

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

Answer 20

lipids

Question 21

Low pH in the stomach is achieved by what process?

Answer 21

Parietal cells secrete HCl into the lumen of the stomach.

Question 22

What is the importance of the mucus that is released by salivary glands?

Answer 22

Mucus contains glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 23

Pancreatic enzymes are involved in the digestion of ________.

I. protein
II. fat
III. nucleic acids
IV. carbohydrates

Answer 23

I, II, III, and IV

Question 24

After ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s) begin(s) chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth? I. Protein II. Fat III. Nucleic acids IV. Carbohydrates

Answer 24

II and IV