CH1

Question 1

Organism

Answer 1

A life form, a living entity made up of one or more cells

Question 2

Fundamental characteristics of an organism

Answer 2

Cells, replication, information (genes), energy, evolution

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

Explanation supported by a large body of evidence; proposed explanations for broad patterns in nature

Question 4

Cell theory

Answer 4

All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

A testable statement to explain a set of observations; explanations for more tightly focused questions

Question 6

Experimental prediction

Answer 6

A measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid

Question 7

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 7

Principle that genes are located on chromosomes & that patterns of inheritance are determined by the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 8

What does base pairing allow DNA to do?

Answer 8

To be copied & preserve the information encoded within the DNA

Question 9

Central dogma

Answer 9

Flow of info in cells; DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins

Question 10

2 fundamental nutritional needs of organisms

Answer 10

1. Chemical energy in the form of ATP
2. Molecules that can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of complex compounds required by the cell (DNA, RNA, proteins, cell membrane)

Question 11

Darwin & Wallace’s theory

Answer 11

1. Species are related by common ancestry

2. Descent with modification (characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation)

Question 12

Evolution

Answer 12

A change in characteristics of a population over time

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 14

Conditions for natural selection to be met

Answer 14

1. Individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are HERITABLE
2. In a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals SURVIVE better and REPRODUCE more than do other versions

Question 15

Natural selection acts on…

Answer 15

Individuals

Question 16

Evolution change occurs in…

Answer 16

Populations

Question 17

Speciation

Answer 17

The evolution of 2 or more distinct species from a single ancestral species

Question 18

Fitness

Answer 18

An individual’s ability to produce VIABLE OFFSPRING

Question 19

Adaptation

Answer 19

Heritable trait that INCREASES FITNESS of an individual in a particular environment

Question 20

Phylogeny

Answer 20

Evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 21

LUCA

Answer 21

Last universal common ancestor of cells
- theoretical entity proposed to be the product of chemical evolution & provided characteristics of life that are shared by all living organisms

Question 22

3 fundamental groups/lineages/DOMAINS of organisms

Answer 22

1. Bacteria
2. Achaea
3. Eukarya

Question 23

Eukaryote characteristic

Answer 23

Cells have a prominent component called the NUCLEUS; multicellular

Question 24

Bacterial & Archaeal cells lack ____ and are referred to as _____. They are also _________

Answer 24

A nucleus; prokaryotes; unicellular

Question 25

Eukaryotic cells’ nucleus is

Answer 25

Membrane-bounded

Question 26

Prokaryotic cells’ nucleus

Answer 26

Not membrane-bounded

Question 27

Taxonomy

Answer 27

Branch of biology concerned w/ describing, naming, & classifying groups of organisms

Question 28

Taxon

Answer 28

Any named group of organisms at any level of classification system

Question 29

Phylum

Answer 29

Major lineages within each Domain

Question 30

Genus

Answer 30

Taxonomic category of closely related species

Question 31

Species name

Answer 31

Second term in scientific name that identifies the organism’s species

Question 32

Null hypothesis

Answer 32

Specifies what should be observed when the hypothesis being tested is wrong

Question 33

Control group

Answer 33

Group that do not receive the experimental treatment

Question 34

Characteristics of an effective experiment

Answer 34

1. Control group 2. Experimental conditions must be as constant & equivalent as possible 3. Repeating the test