C6

Question 1

Carbon dioxide

Answer 1

From complete combustion of carbon-containing fuels

leads to global warming, greenhouse effect

Question 2

Carbon monoxide

Answer 2

From incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels

Toxic gas

Question 3

Particulates

Answer 3

From incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels

Increases risk of respiratory problems, cancer

Question 4

Methane

Answer 4

from digestion in animals, decomposition of vegetation

leads to global warming, greenhouse effect

Question 5

sulfur dioxide

Answer 5

combustion of fossil fuiels that contain sulfure compounds

leads to acid rain

Question 6

oxides of nitrogeb

Answer 6

from car engines

acid rain, respiratory problems

Question 7

Acid rain effects

Answer 7

• dissolving carbonate rocks such as limestone marble
• making farmland acidic so that crops do not grow so well
• making rivers and lakes acidic.
• Damaging fish
• Dead trees
• Damaged buildings

Question 8

greenhouse effect

Answer 8

• Thermal energy (heat) from the Sun enters the Earth’s atmosphere.
• greenhouse gasses will trap some of this reflected energy and reflect it back to the Earth and keep it in the atmosphere to warm the Earth
• The greenhouse gasses also absorb Infrared, and they emit it back into the atmosphere

Question 9

ways to measure rate of reaction

Answer 9

1. mass method
2. volume measuring method

Question 10

Factors affecting rate of reaction

Answer 10

temperature, pressure, concentration, surface area, catalysts

Question 11

temperatue impact on rate of reaction

Answer 11

Increased temperature-> more kinetic energy-> move faster -> frequent collision

more kinetic energy means that collisions have higher chance of exceeding activation energy (2 marks)

Question 12

concentration impact on rate of reaction (solutions)

Answer 12

• more particles of the solution -> increased collisions -> more successful collisions

Question 13

pressure impact on rate of reaction (gases)

Answer 13

• more particles/unit volume
• collide more often -> more successful collisions

Question 14

surface area affect on rate of reaction (solutions)

Answer 14

smaller particle size -> higher SA

higher area where collisions can take place, more frequent collisions

e.g. using a powder vs a solid block

Question 15

catalyst affect on rate of reaction

Answer 15

decreases activation energy

collisions have higher chance of exceeding the energy

more succesful collisions

Question 16

collision theory

Answer 16

for particles to react, they must collide with each other in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy (more than activation energy)

Question 17

catalyst

Answer 17

chemical substance that increase rate of reaction without being consumed or altered in a reaction. decreases activation energy.

Question 18

activation energy

Answer 18

Minimum kinetic amount of kinetic energy that colliding particles need to resulting a successful collision