C7

Question 1

is the study of the vital
life processes of organisms

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

concerns the vital life processes of
microorganisms.

Answer 2

Microbial Physiology

Question 3

All living protoplasm contains six major chemical elements

Answer 3

C, H, O, N, S, and P.

Question 4

unable to synthesize by organisms but required for building macromolecules and sustaining life.

Answer 4

Essential Nutrients

Question 5

use carbon dioxide (CO2) as
their sole source of carbon.

Answer 5

Autotrophs

Question 6

Carbon Source

Answer 6

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

Question 7

use organic compounds
other than CO2 as carbon sources.

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

use light as an energy source
and CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 8

Photoautotrophs

Question 9

use light as an energy
source and organic compounds other than CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 9

Photoheterotrophs

Question 10

use chemicals as an
energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.

Answer 10

Chemoautotrophs

Question 11

use chemicals as an
energy source and organic compounds other than CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 11

Chemoheterotroph

Question 12

is the study of the interactions
between living organisms and the world around them.

Answer 12

Ecology

Question 13

interactions between living
organisms and their nonliving environment

Answer 13

Ecosystem

Question 14

among the different
nutritional types are of prime importance in the functioning of the ecosystem

Answer 14

Interrelationships

Question 15

all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.

–are enhanced and regulated by enzymes
known as metabolic enzymes

Answer 15

Metabolic Reactions

Question 15

are proteins that either cause a
chemical reaction to occur or
accelerate it.

Answer 15

Biologic Catalysts (Enzymes)

Question 16

produced within a cell
that remain within the cell to catalyze
reactions

Answer 16

Endoenzymes

Question 17

released outside the cell to
catalyze extracellular reactions

Answer 17

Exoenzymes

Question 18

Factors That Affect the Efficiency of Enzymes

Answer 18

–pH range
–Temperature
–Enzyme/Substrate Concentration
–Presence of Inhibitors

Question 19

any molecule that is a
nutrient, an intermediary product, or
an end product in a metabolic reaction.

Answer 19

Metabolite

Question 20

breakdown of complex
molecules into simpler ones to release energy

Answer 20

Catabolism

Question 21

synthesis of complex molecules
from simpler ones using energy.

Answer 21

Anabolism

Question 22

release energy (breaking bonds)
and are a cell’s major source of
energy.

–Some energy is lost as heat

Answer 22

Catabolism

Question 23

series of linked biochemical
reactions, from a starting
material to a product.

Answer 23

Biochemical Pathways

Question 24

anaerobic process that converts (pyruvate), to ethanol or lactic acid, releasing energy.

Answer 24

Fermentation

Question 25

is the study of heredity

Answer 25

Genetics

Question 26

is its complete collection of genes.

Answer 26

Genotype (genome)

Question 26

refers to its physical traits

Answer 26

Phenotype

Question 27

ability to absorb naked DNA into the cell

Answer 27

Competence

Question 28

bacteria capable of absorbing naked DNA.

Answer 28

–Competent Bacteria

Question 29

This involves a specialized type of pilus called a sex pilus.

Answer 29

Conjugation

Question 30

Insertion of a normal gene into cells to correct a specific genetic disorder caused by a defective gene.

Answer 30

Gene Therapy