c9 - childhood and adolescence

Question 1

Which of the following is true of self-stimulation in children?

• Children are capable of ejaculation, even before puberty, when they masturbate.
• Self-stimulation is quite normal in children and does not indicate pathology.
• Children are not capable of having orgasms, even though they engage in self-stimulation.
• Self-stimulation is a dangerous phenomenon in children and a sign of abnormal behavior.

Answer 1

Self-stimulation is quite normal in children and does not indicate pathology.

Question 2

According to research on adolescent intercourse across cultures, which of the following is true?

• The percentage of girls who report intercourse is lower in Latin American countries than in African nations.
• America has a lower number of adolescents reporting intercourse than Latin American countries.
• America has the lowest number of adolescents reporting intercourse among the developed nations of the world.
• The percentage of adolescents who report intercourse is the same across all countries of the world.

Answer 2

The percentage of girls who report intercourse is lower in Latin American countries than in African nations.

Question 3

Which of the following has research found to be true of adrenarche?

• It is an abnormal functioning of the adrenalin glands.
• It involves the suppression of androgen levels.
• It is a biological process that occurs after puberty.
• It is linked with children experiencing their first sexual attraction.

Answer 3

It is linked with children experiencing their first sexual attraction.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the attitude toward adolescent masturbation today?

• Masturbation is thought to lead to insanity by the medical community.
• Masturbation is rare and considered a sign of abnormal behavior.
• Masturbation is considered permissible in girls but not in boys.
• Masturbation is recommended as a remedy in sex therapy.

Answer 4

Masturbation is recommended as a remedy in sex therapy.

Question 5

Research has found which of the following to be true of teen pregnancies?

• There is great diversity in the outcomes for adolescent mothers, from persistent poverty to financial success.
• The incidence of teen pregnancies in the U.S. has not changed over the last 50 years.
• Teen pregnancies are more likely to occur among girls belonging to high-income families than those belonging to low-income families.
• The incidence of teen pregnancies in the U.S. has risen drastically over the last 50 years.

Answer 5

There is great diversity in the outcomes for adolescent mothers, from persistent poverty to financial success.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of the conclusions of developmental psychologist Wyndol Furman?

• Culture is a strong influence on the timing of the development of a sexual identity with regard to both sexual orientation and the sense of one’s own sexual attractiveness.
• The behavioral sequence from adolescence through young adulthood often contradicts a developmental one.
• As a person moves into late adolescence and early adulthood, the importance of attachments and mutual caring tends to diminish somewhat.
• Sexuality typically functions as an impediment to people’s development of their capacity for intimacy.

Answer 6

Culture is a strong influence on the timing of the development of a sexual identity with regard to both sexual orientation and the sense of one’s own sexual attractiveness.

Question 7

During childhood, children are most likely to

• express very little curiosity about their own sexual parts.
• engage in sexual exploration with same-gender peers.
• display an aversion toward members of their own gender.
• integrate themselves well with members of the opposite gender.

Answer 7

engage in sexual exploration with same-gender peers.

Question 8

Who among the following are most likely to be identified as experiencing gender dysphoria?

• children who have gender-segregated social organization
• children who are adamant about their gender-atypical identification
• children who spend most of their time with members of their own gender
• children who spend most of their time with members of the opposite gender

Answer 8

children who are adamant about their gender-atypical identification

Question 9

Which of the following has research found to be true of booty calls?

• Women never respond to booty calls.
• Men are more likely to receive booty calls than women.
• Women are more likely to initiate booty calls than men.
• Men are more likely to initiate booty calls than women.

Answer 9

Men are more likely to initiate booty calls than women.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the scientific data available on the sexual behavior of young children and adolescents?

• Scientific information on the sexual behavior of children can be obtained from surveys of adults.
• Obtaining data on the sexual behavior of children is a process that raises no ethical issues.
• There is very little scientific information available on the sexual behavior of adolescents.
• Participants in studies conducted on adolescents are seldom representative of the population.

Answer 10

Scientific information on the sexual behavior of children can be obtained from surveys of adults.

Question 11

According to a longitudinal study of 528 undergraduates on hookups involving genital sex, who among the following did not experience negative outcomes as a result of the hookups?

• men and women who reported autonomous motivation for engaging in hookups
• men and women who reported they engaged in hookups due to pressure from others
• men and women who reported they engaged in hookups unintentionally
• men and women who reported the influence of alcohol consumption when engaging in hookups

Answer 11

men and women who reported autonomous motivation for engaging in hookups

Question 12

Which of the following is true of sexualization?

• It discourages children from objectifying themselves and others.
• It encourages children to value themselves by their achievements.
• It stunts the sexual development of children during adolescence.
• It leads to young people being dissatisfied with their appearances.

Answer 12

It leads to young people being dissatisfied with their appearances.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of sexuality in children?

• The capacity of the human body to show a sexual response is present from birth.
• Sexual urges manifest themselves only during puberty.
• All infants are born insensate and do not respond to sensual stimuli until age 5.
• Male infants are physiologically incapable of having erections.

Answer 13

The capacity of the human body to show a sexual response is present from birth.

Question 14

Mark, who is 4 years old, finds it difficult to relate to boys of his age. He is more comfortable dressing up like a girl and playing with toys used typically by girls. He also identifies himself as a girl. In this scenario, if Mark is taken by his parents a clinician about this, he is most likely to be identified as experiencing

• gender binarism.
• gender sensitivity.
• gender dysphoria.
• gender neutrality.

Answer 14

gender dysphoria.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of sexualization?

• a National Geographic program on the mating habits of beetles
• a television program featuring prepubescent girls competing in a beauty pageant
• a reality show that teaches young boys and men how to cook
• a news channel that airs a series of debates on gender equality

Answer 15

a television program featuring prepubescent girls competing in a beauty pageant

Question 16

Which of the following does research indicate about masturbation in girls?

• Girls are incapable of stimulating themselves before puberty.
• Girls typically learn about masturbation through accidental self-discovery.
• Girls typically begin to masturbate earlier than boys.
• Girls masturbate more frequently than boys on average.

Answer 16

Girls typically learn about masturbation through accidental self-discovery.

Question 17

Research suggests which of the following is true of social media sites?

• Teens overall have not reported positive outcomes from participating in social media sites.
• Social networking sites have declined in popularity, especially with adolescents and young adults.
• Adolescents strictly refrain from revealing risky information about sexual behavior online.
• More than half of teens’ profile pictures display seductive behavior.

Answer 17

More than half of teens’ profile pictures display seductive behavior.

Question 18

One study found that hookups that involved oral, vaginal, or anal sex led to

• fewer opportunities for the spreading of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• increased psychological distress in women.
• high levels of emotional satisfaction in women.
• a decrease in the incidence of casual, unprotected sex.

Answer 18

increased psychological distress in women.

Question 19

Four-year-old Eric accidentally walks in on his parents engaging in sexual intercourse. The psychological term for this experience is

• resolving the Oedipus complex.
• witnessing the primal scene.
• resolving the Electra complex.
• witnessing castration anxiety.

Answer 19

witnessing the primal scene.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of friends with benefits (FWB)?

• friendly intercourse between two strangers
• regular intercourse of a married couple without any romantic element
• frequent intercourse between two lovers
• occasional intercourse between two friends who are not romantic partners

Answer 20

occasional intercourse between two friends who are not romantic partners

Question 21

Which of the following best describes hookup sex?

• irregular intercourse of a married couple
• frequent intercourse between two lovers
• romantic sex between two friends
• casual sex between two people who are strangers or brief acquaintances

Answer 21

casual sex between two people who are strangers or brief acquaintances

Question 22

Which of the following is true of adolescent sexuality, according to the theoretical model proposed by Udry?

• The hormone that affects the sexuality of young girls the most is estrogen.
• Teenagers’ permissive attitude and church attendance impact their sexual attitude.
• The level of testosterone in boys has no direct impact upon their sexuality.
• The effect of testosterone is muted among girls in father-absent families.

Answer 22

Teenagers’ permissive attitude and church attendance impact their sexual attitude.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of romantic relationships during adolescence?

• They are often the context in which sexual activity takes place.
• They have no significant impact on the psychological health of the adolescent.
• They have no impact upon the development of the adolescent.
• They provide few opportunities for adolescents to engage in sexual intercourse.

Answer 23

They are often the context in which sexual activity takes place.

Question 24

What does contemporary research say about Freud’s views on the latency period?

• Evidence corroborates Freud’s belief that children lose interest in sexuality during this period.
• Evidence shows that children are hostile toward parents of the same gender during this period.
• Evidence suggests that the expression of children’s sexuality remains lively during this period.
• Evidence indicates that children are fixated on parents of the same gender during this period.

Answer 24

Evidence suggests that the expression of children’s sexuality remains lively during this period.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of sexting?

• Sexting is an urban legend.
• Research has found that all adolescents engage in sexting.
• Sexting can have serious legal consequences.
• Sexting is the primary reason that adolescents join social networking sites.

Answer 25

Sexting can have serious legal consequences.

Question 26

Which of the following is typical of hookup sex?

• Most women express very high satisfaction with hookup sex.
• The “orgasm gap” is typically absent during hookup sex.
• Hooking up most commonly occurs in long-term committed relationships.
• Much of hookup sex is bad sex because it is either not pleasurable or coercive.

Answer 26

Much of hookup sex is bad sex because it is either not pleasurable or coercive.