C9 Crude oil

Question 1

what is crude oil

Answer 1

finite resource found in rocks

mixture of many different carbon atoms

Question 2

colour of crude oil

Answer 2

dark, smelly liquid

Question 3

what are most of the compound in crude oil

Answer 3

hydrocarbons

Question 4

what are hydrocarbons

Answer 4

contain only hydrogen and carbona atoms

Question 5

when can crude oil be used

Answer 5

after it is separated into different substances with similar boiling points

Question 6

name of the process of separtion of crude oil

Answer 6

fractions

Question 7

how are substances of crude oil sepatated

Answer 7

by distillation because properties of substaces don’t change when mixed

Question 8

what are most of hydrocarbons in crude oil

Answer 8

alkanes

Question 9

what are alkanes

Answer 9

satured hydrocarbons, which contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecules

Question 10

generical formula for alkanes, hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Cn H(2n+2)
eg. C2 H6
C3 H8

Question 11

characteristic of hydrocarbon

Answer 11

very flammable

Question 12

what is fractional distillation

Answer 12

separating crude oil into hydrocarbons with similar boiling points (fractions)

Question 13

how do properties of each fraction change

Answer 13

depend on size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it

Question 14

process of fractional distillation

Answer 14

crude oil is heated and fed in bottom of fractioning column as hot vapour.
temperature of column decreases as going up so gases move up and condense when reachtemperature of boiing points

Question 15

what happen when you burn hydrocarbons

Answer 15

produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

what is incomplete combustion

Answer 16

when there is not enough oxygen

Question 17

effect of incomplete combution

Answer 17

produces carbon monoxide

Question 18

characteristic carbon monoxide

Answer 18

toxic gas, odourless,colorless which is picked up by red cells and carried it in blood instead of O

Question 19

what is the process called cracking

Answer 19

larger hydrocarbon molecules can be broken down in smaller ones

Question 20

what happen in the cracker

Answer 20

a heavy friction distilled from crude oil is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons
vapour is then pass to a ctalyst or mixed with steam and heated

Question 21

cracking decomposition is an example of

Answer 21

thermal decomposition

Question 22

other types of molecules present in reaction of cracking

Answer 22

alkene

Question 23

characteristcs of alkene

Answer 23

unsatured, burn in air, react with bromine water turning it colourless
more reactive than alkanes

Question 24

what do unsatured compuonds contain

Answer 24

at least one double bond between their carbon atoms

Question 25

what is the reactivity series

Answer 25

list of metals in order of their reactivity

Question 26

how are metals ordered in reactivity series

Answer 26

by looking at reactions with water, alkali give off hydrogen and leave alkaline solutions

Question 27

first 3 metals in reactivity series

Answer 27

potassium sodium lithium

Question 28

when do u look at reaction with dilute acid (metal + dilute acid)

Answer 28

when reactions with water are very slow

Question 29

what does a metal ore contain

Answer 29

enough of the metal to make it economic to extract it

Question 30

how can silver and gold be found

Answer 30

as metals, nature state because they are unreactive

Question 31

how does the reactivity series help in metal extraction

Answer 31

tells you best way to extract a metal

Question 32

when can carbon (non-metal) be used to extract a metal

Answer 32

when mwtals are less reactive than carbon

Question 33

what do you do with carbon to seperate metal from its oxide

Answer 33

heat metal oxide with carbon =metal + carbon dioxide

Question 34

name of the removal of oxygen froma compound

Answer 34

chemical reduction

Question 35

what do you use to extract aluminium

Answer 35

electrolysis, carbon isn't reactive enough

Question 36

where do u get aluminium

Answer 36

ore of bauxite

Question 37

why does aluminium have to be melted in electrolysis

Answer 37

ions move to electrocles

Question 38

process of aluminium exraction

Answer 38

aluminium oxide mixed with molten cryolite to lower its melting point, reducing energy required