Bonding and structure Y10

Question 1

What ia an isotope

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 2

definition of relative atomic mass(RAM)

Answer 2

is the avarage mass of one atom compared to the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 3

when do atoms become negatively charged?

Answer 3

If they gain electrons, non-metals

Question 4

name of positive ions

Answer 4

cations

Question 5

when do atoms becomo positively charged

Answer 5

when they lose an electron, metals

Question 6

name of negative ions

Answer 6

anions

Question 7

what is the force of an ionic bound

Answer 7

electrostatic force of attraction

Question 8

how are ionic compound held togheter

Answer 8

bys trong forces of attraction between their oppositevely charged ions. called ionic bonding

Question 9

why do ionic compound have high melting points

Answer 9

takes lot of energy to break the many strong ionic bonds, operating in all directions, that hold a giant ionic lattice togheter.

Question 10

can ionic compound conduct electricity

Answer 10

only when molten or dissolved in water because their ions can then become mobile and can carry charge through the liquid.

Question 11

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 11

A chemical bond formed when two or atoms share electrons.

Question 12

what is the structure of an ionic compund?

Answer 12

Giant ionic lattice that is held togethere by the strong bonds.

Question 13

covalent bonding can only happen with

Answer 13

NON METALS

Question 14

what is a simple molecular structure?

Answer 14

a substance made up of simple molecules which contain only a few atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 15

What is a giant covalent structure?

Answer 15

All the atoms are linked by strong covalent bonds

Question 16

Why do simple molecules have low melting points and boiling points?

Answer 16

the forces between simple molecules are weak. there are weak intermulecular forces

Question 17

Can simple molecular substances conduct electricity?

Answer 17

nope because they have no overall charge,

Question 18

how are the atoms arranged in in a diamond?

Answer 18

tetrahedrally, each carbon is bonded covalently to 4 other carbon atoms

Question 19

structure of a diamond

Answer 19

giant molecuar structure

Question 20

can a diamond conduct electricity

Answer 20

No because there are no free electrons to carry the electrical charge

Question 21

why is a diamond rigid?

Answer 21

because of the strong covalant bonds

Question 22

How are carbon atoms arranged in the graphite?

Answer 22

it has a giant structure and the atoms are arrenged in layers in which the carbon atoms are arranged hexagonally.

Question 23

How are carbon atoms arranged in the graphite?

i

Answer 23

ach atom form 3 covalant bonds, which are strong

Question 24

why are there weak intermolecular forces in a graphite

Answer 24

here are no covalant bons between the layers

Question 25

why can layers of graphite slide over each other

Answer 25

there are no covalant bons between the layers so there are weak intermolecular forces that can be easily broken

Question 26

Why graphite conducts electricity

Answer 26

because only 3 of the four electrons needed for the bonding, there is a delocalised electron who can move andcarries a charge through the substance

Question 27

What is buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 27

Also known as C60, where 60 carbon atoms form a ball, made up of hexagons and pentagons, with the formula C60. third family of carbon allotrop

Question 28

what are carbon nanotubes

Answer 28

A nanotube resembles a layer of graphene, rolled into a tube shape, they are strong and conduct electricity

Question 29

Properties of buckyballs

Answer 29

They are made up of large molecules but do not have a giant covalent structure. Weak intermolecular forces exist between individual buckyballs. Little energy is needed to overcome these forces, so substances consisting of buckyballs are slippery and have lower melting points than graphite or diamond.

Question 30

grephene structure

Answer 30

A single layer of graphite one atom thick.

Question 31

Graphene properties

Answer 31

strong and high melting point= atoms joined by covalent bonds. conduct electricity because of the delocalised electrob

Question 32

uses of fuelleneres

Answer 32

transport mechanism for drugs to specific sites in the body, catalysts, reinforcement for composite materials

Question 33

uses of graphene

Answer 33

electronic industry

Question 34

structure of metallic bonding

Answer 34

giant metallic lattice

Question 35

what is metallic bonding

Answer 35

the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between the positive metal ions and the surrounding sea of electrons

Question 36

what is the force between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons in the metallic bonding

Answer 36

electrostatic force of attraction

Question 37

why are metallic substances good conductors

Answer 37

delocalised electrons are free to move and carry a charge through the whole structure

Question 38

why are metallic substances malleable and ductile

Answer 38

because the metal ions/atoms are arranged in neat rows that can slide over each other

Question 39

what is an alloy

Answer 39

mixture of two different types of metal (metal and non metal)

Question 40

why are alloys stronger than pure metals

Answer 40

because there are different sized atoms, it's not easy to push one row of atom over another

Question 41

examples of alloys

Answer 41

aluminium-titanium for aereoplanes nickel-copper for coins titanium-cobalt for hip joints

Question 42

what is steel

Answer 42

the most common alloy

Question 43

different types of steel

Answer 43

low carbon steel-malleable, so easy shaped high carbon steel- hard, more brittle stainless steel- resists rust and shiny

Question 44

what is nanotube

Answer 44

study of nanopartclles that are between 1 and 100 nanometres in size

Question 45

characteristic about nanoparticles

Answer 45

high surface area to volume ratio, with a high percentage of atoms eposed at their surface

Question 46

what happen when when the side of a cube decreases, in size by a factor of 10

Answer 46

its surface area to volume ratio increases by 10

Question 47

uses of nanoparticles

Answer 47

-suncream which helps to prevent skin cancer but the nanoparticles could potentially cause brin damage. - side of a milk cartoon

Question 48

what is a compound

Answer 48

two or more elements that are chemically bonded togheter