Flashcards in C9 Terms Deck (45)
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1
Caloric theory
Heat was an invisible liquid.
2
Internal energy
The speed of the particles in a system.
3
Stirling engine
It is a completely enclosed piston engine containing a working gas that is transferred back and forth between hot and cold heat exchangers.
4
Temperature
The average kinetic energy of a systems atoms and molecules.
5
Degree
A dimensional unit
6
Thermometer
An instrument used to measure temperature
7
Thermometer property
A property of mater to change predictability with a given temperature
8
Fiducial points
A fixed, precisely known, and easily reproducible temperature value.
9
Fahrenheit scale
180 degrees between the freezing point of water and it's boiling point
10
Celsius scale
Has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling point of water
11
Triple point
The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance exist all at once
12
Kelvin scale
0 is where there is no energy in a substance and 273.15 is the freezing point of water
13
Thermal expansion
The distance between particles in a substance be come greater as temperature increases
14
Heat
The flow of thermal energy from one place to another
15
2nd law of thermal dynamics
The useful energy of a system tends to decrease and the entropy tends to increase
16
Entropy
A measure of a systems disorder
17
Conduction
Thermal energy moving from a warmer substance to a cooler substance
18
Thermal equilibrium
When the kinetic energy of two systems in the exact same
19
Convection
Thermal energy is carried from one location to anther by a fluid
20
Convection current
The fluids cycle path
21
Radiation
Electromagnetic energy moves in space
22
Insulator
A material that resist the flow of thermal energy
23
Heat capacity
The thermal energy in joules that an object must gain or lose to cause a temperature of 1 degree C
24
Specific heat
The heat capacity per gram of material
25
Calorimeter
Measures the transfer of thermal energy between objects
26
Latent heat of fusion
The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during melting or freezing
27
Latent heat of vaporization
The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during the vaporization or condensing period
28
What did scientists believe about caloric?
They believed it was a liquid.
29
Who first successfully challenged the caloric theory?
Benjamin Thompson.
30
What was the significance of Joule's discovery of the relationship between heat and mechanical work?
It did not fit the caloric theory.
31
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of a gram of water 1 degree C?
4.18 N•m
32
What is the difference between the internal energy of an object and it's thermal energy?
Internal energy is the movement of particles with In a substance. It can't be measured. The thermal energy of a system is the some of all the kinetic energies and it's particles.
33
When can we measure thermal energy? What is actually measured?
When there is a change. The temperature.
34
What property of a thermometer allows it to indicate temperature? Name two examples.
By exploiting the thermometric property, and the average kinetic energy of the systems atoms and molecules
35
What three properties must a fiducial point have? Name the fiducial points for the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales
Fixed, precisely know, and easily reproducible. F. The freezing point of salt water and ice, and the blood of a healthy man. C. The freezing point of water and the boiling point of water
36
What is one major advantage of the Celsius scale over the Fahrenheit scale? What major disadvantages do both scales have?
It's convince and decimal basis. They both have negative values
37
How does the Kelvin scale resolve the problem noted in question4
It does not have negative values
38
State the temperature of the fiducial point(s) of the Kelvin scale. What defines the Kelvin scale'a fiducial point(s)?
273.16 the scientists set it.
39
Name three ways temperature changes affect a materials properties.
Thermal expansion, Electrical resistance, and Viscosity
40
Discuss the difference between thermal energy and heat.
Heat is the flow of thermal energy from one place to anther and thermal energy is the sum of all the kinetic energies of a systems particles
41
Describe the three ways thermal energy can be transferred.
Conduction (the flow of energy between two touching objects). Convention (energy is carried by a fluid from one place to anther). Radiation (electromagnetic energy moves in space).
42
State two ways that the arrangement of atoms and the bonding between atoms of a material can influence its insulating ability.
The atoms of good conductors are bonded closely together and have many loose electrons and poor conductors have the opposite
43
Compare and contrast heat capacity and specific heat capacity.
Heat comps city is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature if Abe object 1 degrees C and specific heat is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature of 1 gram of a substance
44
How much thermal energy must be lost by a gram of water at 0 C to freeze to a gram of ice? What is this quantity of heat called?
333J. The latent heat of fusion
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