CAD & Angina

Question 1

What is the therapeutic range for total cholesterol?

Answer 1

less than 200

Question 2

What is the therapeutic range for high-density lipoprotein for men? for women?

Answer 2

• greater than 40
• greater than 50

Question 3

What is the therapeutic range for low-density lipoprotein?

Answer 3

less than 100

Question 4

What is the therapeutic range for triglycerides?

Answer 4

less than 150

Question 5

For gender, what age are men & women at risk for CAD?

Answer 5

• for men greater than 45
• for women an average of 55

Question 6

Which 2 in diet are at high risk for CAD?

Answer 6

high animal protein & saturated fat intake

Question 7

What 5 conditions are at high risk for CAD?

Answer 7

HTN, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease

Question 8

What do you monitor and 2 things you avoid when a patient is on statins?

Answer 8

muscle pain
Avoid alcohol & grapefruit juice

Question 9

What 2 things do you monitor & avoid with Bile acid sequestriants?

Answer 9

bloating & constipation
avoid taking other meds & vitamin supplements (1 hour before or 3-4 hours after)

Question 10

What are 2 interventions for niacin and one thing you avoid?

Answer 10

take with food & an aspirin 30 minutes before
avoid alcohol

Question 11

What do you monitor with fibric acid agents? What do you not do with these meds? What is one intervention with these meds?

Answer 11

monitor flu-like symptoms
Do not stop abruptly
Take with food

Question 12

In an exercise stress test, what is seen that could indicate CAD?

Answer 12

decreased blood flow to the heart (myocardial ischemia)

Question 13

In a cardiac catheterization, what is seen that could indicate CAD?

Answer 13

visualizes arteries & blood flow

Question 14

With stable angina, what is the occurrence and duration?

Answer 14

predictable/known
short term

Question 15

With prinzmetal angina, what is the occurrence and duration?

Answer 15

unpredictable/unknown
short term

Question 16

With unstable angina, what is the occurrence and duration? Where can it also occur in?

Answer 16

unpredictable/unknown
long term/ unrelieved
Acute coronary syndrome

Question 17

What 2 things need to be checked before administering nitroglycerin?

Answer 17

blood pressure and pain levels

Question 18

What is the major side effect for nitroglycerin?

Answer 18

headache

Question 19

How should the patient store their nitroglycerin bottle?

Answer 19

cool, airtight light-resistant bottle

Question 20

How many doses of nitroglycerin can be given in 5 minutes

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Nitroglycerin should not be taken with other medications treating what condition?

Answer 21

erectile dysfunction

Question 22

What do you look for in an ECG for acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 22

abnormal changes in conduction from tissue ischemia & necrosis

Question 23

What do you look for in an echocardiography for acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 23

detects cardiac wall motion & function of the left ventricle

Question 24

What are the 4 stages of atherosclerosis?

Answer 24

1. Healthy artery
2. fatty streak
3. atherosclerosis plaque
4. atheromas

Question 25

Atherosclerosis can be described as? What can it lead to?

Answer 25

build up of plaque (fat) leads to coronary artery disease

Question 26

Fatty streak can be described as?

Answer 26

yellow lining of the vessel wall

Question 27

Atherosclerosis plaque can be described as?

Answer 27

harden accumulation of substances from inflammation

Question 28

Atheroma can be described as?

Answer 28

rupture & releases lipoproteins type of blood clot

Question 29

What are 3 emerging risk factors for CAD?

Answer 29

1. high levels of homocysteine 2. inflammatory process 3. metabolic syndrome

Question 30

What type of blockage is seen in unstable angina? Is infarction or ischemia present?

Answer 30

partial blockage & ischemia present

Question 31

What type of blockage is seen in NSTEMI? Is infarction or ischemia present?

Answer 31

Partial blockage, Ischemia & Infarction present

Question 32

What type of blockage is seen in STEMI? Is ischemic & infarction present?

Answer 32

Full blockage & Ischemic & severe infarction present

Question 33

What are 3 symptoms seen with acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 33

dyspnea, nausea, & diaphoresis

Question 34

What are the 3 types of acute coronary syndrome?

Answer 34

1. unstable angina 2. NSTEMI 3. STEMI

Question 35

What are the 2 most common cardiac markers that identify heart damage?

Answer 35

1. CK-MB 2. Troponin

Question 36

What troponin level would indicate heart damage?

Answer 36

greater than 0.1