Hypertension

Question 1

How can you explain hypertension to someone? What can it put you at risk for?

Answer 1

blood flowing through the blood vessels is too strong for a long period which can put you at risk for a stroke.

Question 2

How is hypertension defined?

Answer 2

high applied force

Question 3

Why is hypertension called the “silent killer”?

Answer 3

patient not knowing they have it until they get checked randomly

Question 4

Which race has the highest risk for hypertension?

Answer 4

African Americans

Question 5

What 2 things in our diet would put a patient at risk hypertension if they were to eat high amounts?

Answer 5

Sodium and Cholesterol

Question 6

What 3 electrolytes would put a patient at risk for hypertension if they had low amounts?

Answer 6

potassium, calcium, and magnesium

Question 7

What 4 conditions in a patients medical history would put a patient at risk for hypertension?

Answer 7

Obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, & pregnancy

Question 8

What is the main difference between primary & secondary hypertension?

Answer 8

unknown cause with primary & result of another disease with secondary

Question 9

What are 5 causes of secondary hypertension?

Answer 9

Chronic kidney disease, Cushing’s, thyroid, sleep apnea, & drug withdrawal

Question 10

What 3 symptoms are seen with a stroke?

Answer 10

weak/numb, blurred vision, & headache/dizzy

Question 11

What 2 symptoms are seen with a heart attack?

Answer 11

chest pain & dyspnea

Question 12

What 3 symptoms are seen with heart failure?

Answer 12

chest pain, dyspnea, & edema

Question 13

What symptom is seen with kidney failure?

Answer 13

nocturia

Question 14

How much sodium should a patient have daily?

Answer 14

less than 2400 mg

Question 15

What is the circumference goal for men? What is the circumference goal for women?

Answer 15

less than 40 for men
less than 35 for women

Question 16

What is the BMI goal for men & women?

Answer 16

less than 25

Question 17

How is hypertensive urgency defined?

Answer 17

rapid onset of high bp & absence of symptoms

Question 18

How is hypertensive emergency defined?

Answer 18

rapid onset of high bp & presence of symptoms

Question 19

What is given to a patient during a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 19

IV vasodilator

Question 20

Why is an IV vasodilator given slowly when a patient is in a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 20

because we do not want the patient to go into shock

Question 21

What is the systolic range for an elevated blood pressure?

Answer 21

120-129

Question 22

What is the systolic range for stage 1 hypertension? What is the diastolic range for stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 22

130-139
80-89

Question 23

What is the systolic range for stage 2 hypertension? What is the diastolic range for stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 23

140 or higher
90 or higher

Question 24

What is the systolic range for a hypertensive crisis? What is the diastolic range for a hypertensive crisis?

Answer 24

higher than 180
higher than 120

Question 25

What 3 things need to be monitored with diuretics?

Answer 25

potassium, blood pressure, and urine output

Question 26

What 2 things need to be monitored with hypertension meds?

Answer 26

HR & BP

Question 27

Which race are calcium channel blockers more effective in?

Answer 27

African americans

Question 28

What are the two medication options they start with in African Americans?

Answer 28

thiazide or calcium channel blockers

Question 29

What would be a reason to give a patient the ARBs med and not ACE inhibitors?

Answer 29

patients report a cough with ACE inhibitors