Caee Study Weather Hazards Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the thickness of the Earth’s crust beneath the ocean?
Varies in thickness from 5 to 10 km.
What is the composition of the Earth’s crust?
Made up of several large tectonic plates.
What is the Mantie?
The widest layer of the Earth, 2900 km thick, where rock is in a liquid state due to heat and pressure.
What is the temperature of the Inner Core?
The hottest section at 5000 degrees Celsius, mostly made of iron and nickel.
What is the difference between the Inner Core and Outer Core?
The Inner Core is solid, while the Outer Core is liquid.
What causes tectonic plates to move?
Convection currents in the mantle create drag on the base of the tectonic plates.
What is a Destructive Plate Margin?
When a denser plate subducts beneath another, causing friction that melts it into molten magma.
What is a Constructive Plate Margin?
When two plates move apart, allowing new magma to reach the surface, forming submarine mountain ranges.
What is a volcanic bomb?
A thick, viscous lava fragment ejected from a volcano.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A fast-moving current of super-heated gas and ash, traveling at 450 mph and reaching temperatures of 1000°C.
What was the magnitude of the Gorkha earthquake in Nepal?
A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck on 28 April 2015.
What were the effects of the Gorkha earthquake?
8841 dead, 16800 injured, and over 1 million homeless.
What is a natural hazard?
A natural process that could cause death, injury, or disruption to humans, property, and possessions.
What causes earthquakes?
When two plates become locked, causing friction to build up until pressure is released, triggering movement.
What are warning signs of a volcanic eruption?
Small earthquakes caused by rising magma.
What monitoring techniques are used for volcanoes?
Seismometers, thermal imaging, satellite cameras, and gas samples.
What is the purpose of creating an exclusion zone around a volcano?
To prepare for potential evacuations of residents.
What methods are used to protect against earthquakes?
Building earthquake-resistant structures, raising public awareness, and improving prediction methods.
What was the magnitude of the Tohoku earthquake in Japan?
A 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck on 11 March 2011.
What were the effects of the Tohoku earthquake?
1235 aftershocks and around 140000 residents evacuated near the Fukushima nuclear plant.
