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Abnormal Psych > Cahpter 15: ANS > Flashcards

Cahpter 15: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates ______ through ______ ?

A

visceral activities through visceral reflexes

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2
Q

Structurally, the ANS includes what type of neurons?

A

visceral sensory or afferent neurons, integrating reflex centers in the CNS, and visceral efferent or motor neurons

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3
Q

ANS usually operates with or without control?

A

without

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4
Q

ANS is regulated by ? (4)

A

hypothalamus, cord, medulla, and pons

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5
Q

somatic nervous system contains ?

A

sensory and motor neurons

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6
Q

somatic sensory neurons receive ______ from receptors of the _______ & _______ senses

A

conscious input, special & somatic

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7
Q

Somatic motor neurons innervate _______ to produce ________ movements

A

skeletal muscle, conscious voluntary

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8
Q

effect of a motor neuron is always

A

excitation

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9
Q

Visceral afferent (sensory) fibers transmit ______ from _______ to _________

A

nerve impulses, visceral sense organs, visceral reflex centers

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10
Q

Are Visceral sensory fibers myelinated or non-myelinated?

A

non-myelinated

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11
Q

four (4) types of visceral sense organs (4)

A
  1. visceral pain receptors
  2. stretch receptors
  3. temperature receptors
  4. chemical change receptors
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12
Q

Visceral Reflex Centers are located in the? (4)

A
  1. spinal cord
  2. pons
  3. midbrain
  4. hypothalamus
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13
Q

Visceral Efferent (Motor) Pathways a. Transmit nerve impulses to what three (3) effector organs ?

A
  1. glands
  2. muscles
  3. effector tissue
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14
Q

Two divisions that distribute visceral outflow from the CNS

A

1) Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)

2) Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

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15
Q

Dual Innervation

A

organs that receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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16
Q

c. The visceral motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either ______ or ______ ongoing activities of the _______

A

exciting, inhibiting, effector organs

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17
Q

somatic motor pathways consist of a single ______ and are stimulatory to ________

A

motor neuron, skeletal muscles

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18
Q

autonomic motor pathways consists of _________ and may be ________ or ______ to _______ and ________

A

two motor neurons in series, stimulatory or inhibitory, glands and smooth and cardiac muscles

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19
Q

autonomic motor pathway for 2 neurons

3 steps

A
  1. first motor neuron has cell body in lateral gray horn of spinal cord or reflex center and its myelinated axon extends to an autonomic ganglion via a cranial or spinal nerve
  2. second motor neuron has cell body in the autonomic ganglion and non-myelinated axon extends to effector organ, smooth muscle, gland.
    1. Autonomic ganglia release acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE).
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20
Q

Preganglionic Neuron (2)

A

first of two autonomic motor neurons

a. Cell Body: located in the brain or spinal cord
b. Myelinated Axon: usually extends to an autonomic ganglion where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron

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21
Q

Postganglionic Neuron (2)

A

second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway

a. Cell Body and Dendrites: located in ganglia, where they synapse with one or more preganglionic fibers
b. Non-myelinated Axon (Fiber): of a postganglionic neuron terminates in a visceral effector organ, smooth muscle, gland

22
Q

cell bodies of Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in ?

A

lateral gray horns of the T1 through L2 segments

23
Q

sympathetic division is called the

A

thoracolumbar division

24
Q

cell bodies of Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in ________ in the _______ and _______

A

Cranial Nerve nuclei (III, VII, IX, and X), brain stem, lateral gray horns of the S2 through S4 segments

25
parasympathetic division is called the
craniosacral division
26
Sympathetic Ganglia parts
1. a. Lateral or Vertebral Chain or Paravertebral Ganglia | 2. Prevertebral or Collateral Ganglia
27
a. Lateral or Vertebral Chain or Paravertebral Ganglia location
lie in a vertical row (string of beads) on either side of the vertebral column
28
Prevertebral or Collateral Ganglia location
lie anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries
29
Parasympathetic Ganglia parts
Terminal or Intramural Ganglia
30
Terminal or Intramural Ganglia location
located very close to or actually within the wall of a visceral organ
31
sympathetic division Preganglionic axons leave the spinal cord through the _____ and back through ______ 3 steps
1. anterior root of a spinal nerve 2. travel through white ramus to sympathetic trunk ganglion. White rami communicans connect anterior ramus of the thoracic and first 2 or 3 lumbar spinal nerves with ganglia of the sympathetic trunk 3. gray ramus communicans contains the postganglionic fibers that connect the ganglion of the sympathetic trunk back to spinal nerve
32
G. Structure of the Parasympathetic Division (2) cranial outflow & sacral parasympathetic outflow
1. The cranial outflow consists of preganglionic axons (4 pairs of ganglia and the plexuses associated with the vagus (X) nerve) that extend from the brain stem in four cranial nerves 2. sacral parasympathetic outflow consists of preganglionic axons in the anterior roots of sacral nerves 2-4 and form the pelvic
33
Cholinergic Neurons release
ACh
34
ACh is released by (3)
a. All sympathetic & parasympathetic preganglionic neurons b. All parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons c. All sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands
35
Adrenergic Neurons release
norepinephrine (NE) aka noradrenalin
36
norepinephrine is released by
a. Most sympathetic post ganglionic neurons
37
Most body structures receive ____ innervation fibers from both the ________ _________
dual, sympathetic & parasympathetic
38
autonomic tone | what is it regulated by?
balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity hypothalamus
39
Sympathetic Fight-or-Flight Responses 1. Heart pumps _____ blood 2. Heart rate _______ 3. Cardiac output ______ 4. Blood pressure _______ 5. ______ amount of blood is diverted to skeletal muscles 6. ______ the release of stored fuels from liver glycogen and adipose tissue 7. Respiratory rate ______ 8. Respiratory airways _______
1. more 2. increase 3. increase 4. increase 5. more 6. increase 7. increases 8. increases
40
Parasympathetic Rest-and-Digest Responses 1. regulate ___ activities that ______ 2. _______ salivation (S) 3. ______ lacrimation (L) 4. _______ urination (U) 5. _______ digestion (D) 6. _______ defecation (D) 7. _______ heart rate 8. _______ airway diameter 9. _______ pupil diameter
1. Regulate visceral activities that conserve and restore body energy, digest and absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste products 2. increase 3. increase 4. increase 5. increase 6. increase 7. decrease 8. reduce 9. constricts
41
Effect of eye (iris) on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: constrict eye pupils SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: dilate eye pupils
42
Effect of Sweat glands on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: stimulate copious sweating
43
Effect of Heart muscle on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease rate SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS increase rate
44
Effect of Bladder/urethra on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: promote voiding SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: inhibit voiding
45
Effect of lungs on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: constrict bronchioles SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: dilate bronchioles
46
Effect of Digestive tract organs on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: increase motility and secretion, relax sphincters SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease motility and secretion, constrict sphincters
47
Effect of Kidney on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: decrease urine output
48
Effect of penis on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: erection (vasodilation) SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: cause ejaculation
49
Effect of Cellular metabolism on parasympathetic & sympathetic organs
PARASYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: no innervation SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS: increase metabolic rate
50
sympathetic Preganglionic axons travel
1. anterior root of spinal nerve 2. white ramus 3. sympathetic trunk ganglion 4. white rami communicans

Abnormal Psych (11 decks)

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