Childhood Disorders Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
ADD
A
difficulties that interfere with tasks
- impulsitvity
- excessive motor activity
- difficulty sustaining attention
- lower intelligence
2
Q
Causes for ADD
A
- genetic inheritance
3
Q
Tx of ADD
A
- Amphetamines: decrease overactivity, distractability, increase alert
- behavior therapy
4
Q
Oppositional Deviant Disorder
A
- Defiant, hostile behavior toward authority
- precurser to conduct disorders
- begins around 8
5
Q
Risk Factors
Oppositional Defiant D
A
- family discord
- low socio economic stat
- antisocial parents
6
Q
Conduct Disorder
A
- violation of rules and disregard for rights of others.
- deficit in social behavior
- hostility, disobedience, aggression, destructive, cruelty to animals
- comorbid with substance abuse
- precurser to Antisocial PD
7
Q
Causes for ODD & Conduct Disorder
A
- Low intelligence and failure to accept help
- Early onset
- Ineffective and neglectful parenting
8
Q
Tx of Conduct Disorder
A
- Change parenting style
- new behavioral techniques
9
Q
Separation Anxiety Disorder
A
- anxiety about separation from attachment figures and home
- usually after major stressor
- separation causes preoccupation with death of loved ones
10
Q
Selective Mutism
A
- Failure to speak in social situations
- interferes with education and sociability
- must be able to speak
11
Q
Causes for Anxiety Disorders
A
- traumatic events and overanxiousness
- overprotective and anxious parents
- indifferent, rejecting parents
- cultures that favor inhibition
12
Q
Tx of Anxiety Disorders
A
- Fluoxetine
- assertiveness training
- coping strategies
- desensitization
13
Q
Childhood Depression
A
- withdrawal
- crying
- avoidance of eye contact
- poor appetite
- aggressive behavior
- irritability
14
Q
Bio Causes for Childhood Depression
A
- mood disordered families
- drinking during pregnancy
15
Q
Environmental Causes for Childhood Depression
A
- traumatic events
- negative parental behavior, divorce
- negative atributional style
16
Q
Tx of Childhood Depression
A
- antidepressants
- cognitive behavioral therapy
17
Q
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
A
- result of structural differences in brain
- evident at birth or in development
18
Q
Autism
A
development disorder with deficits in:
- language, motor, perceptual development
- defective reality testing
- inability to function in social situations
19
Q
Symptoms of Autism
A
- lack of social understanding
- inability to use language
- self stimulation, repetitive behavior
- impaired intellect
- resistance to change
20
Q
Causes for Autism
A
- defective genes
- radiation damage
21
Q
Tx of Autism
A
behavioral tx:
- eliminate self injurous behavior
- master social behavior
- develop language
22
Q
Aspergers Disorder
A
- restricted interests
- repetative behavior
- impairment of interpersonal interactions (face expressions, posture, gestures, peer relation)
23
Q
Tx of Aspergers
A
- antidepressants
- antipsychotics
- mood stabilizers
- social-behavior learning
24
Q
Dyslexia
A
problems with word recognition and reading comprehension
- bad spelling, memory
- distort words
25
Causes for Learning Disabilities
* immature, deficient brain function
* improper asymmetrical brain development
26
Mental Retardation
subaverage intellectual functioning with limits in adaptive functioning in:
* self care
* work
* health
* safety
* before 18
27
Mild Retardation
* intellect: 8-11 yr old
* can function well as self supporting adults
* require some supervision
28
Moderate Retardation
* intellect: 4-7 yr old
* able to master routine skills
* slow learning
* bad motor coordination
* can achieve partial independence
29
Severe Retardation
* severely impaired motor and language function
* maybe sensory defects, motor handicap
* dependent on carer
30
Profound Retardation
* severe deficiency in adaptive behavior
* can only master simple tasks
* sever physical deformities
* seizures
* mutism
* deafness
* poor health
31
Causes for Retardation
* **genes**: deficits in chromosomes, fragile X (downe's)
* **Infections**: viral encephalitis, herpes, syphilis, HIV
* **Toxins**: alcohol, carbon monoxide
* **Trauma**
* **Radiation**
* **Malnutrition**
32
Down Syndrome
* moderate, sever retardation
* health problems later in life
* extra chromosome 21
33
Symptoms of Down Syndrome (6)
* almond shaped eyes
* flat, broad nose and back of head
* fissures in tongue
* stubby fingers
* accelerated aging
* decline in cognition
34
Risk Factors of Down Syndorme
* increasing age of mother
* very young mothers
35
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
* child lacks liver enzyme to break down phenylalanine (amino acid in food)
* causes brain damage
* retardation after massive consumption
36
Symptoms of PKU (3)
* retardation
* lack of motor coordination
* pale eyes, skin hair
37
Tx of PKU
restrictive diet
38
Microcephaly
* large headedness
* increase brain size
* enlargement of skull
* visual impairment
* convulsions
39
Symptoms Microcephaly (6)
* moderate, severe, profound retardation
* small cone shaped head
* cranium fails to grow
* short with normal muscles
* receding chin and forehed
* little language
40
Hydrocephaly
accumulation of cerebro spinal fluid
* causes damage to brain tissue
* enlargement of skull
* can be caused in adolescence after brain tumor, meningitis, hematoma
41
Symptoms of Hydrocephaly (3)
* gradual enlargement of head
* intellectual impairment
* loss of sight, hearing
42
Tx of Hydrocephaly
shunt to drain fluid
43
Tx of Retardation
* institutionalization
* residential care
* edication, training facilities
* inclusion programs
