Calcifications 2

Question 1

best modality to see adrenal calcifications

Answer 1

CT is best method to evaluate in adults

Question 2

causes of adrenal calcifications (+ mc)

Answer 2

Trauma (hemorrhage mc)
Inf
Neoplasms

Question 3

how will a pancreatic calcification lood

Answer 3

will have calcifications that cross the midline

Question 4

Chronic pancreatitis clinical featues

Answer 4

recurrent attacks of abdominal pain
loss of endocrine + exocrine function
25-50% mortality after 25 years of disease

Question 5

chronic pancreatitis pop and mc causes

Answer 5

mc men>w
40-50yold
associated w excessive alcohol abuse

Question 6

chronic pancreatitis complications

Answer 6

progressive glandular destruction + fibrosis

-can cause psuedocyts, biliary obstruction, biliary obstruction

Question 7

chronic pancreatitis tx

Answer 7

refer to endocrinologist

testing + manage cause of pain

Question 8

what do splenic calcifications present as

Answer 8

can occur in various shapes and forms

typically seen as numerous small rounded densities

Question 9

splenic calcifications causes

Answer 9

SLE
granulomas
candidiasis
amyloidosis
post infarct

Question 10

what is a cystic calcification pattern and how does it look

Answer 10

• calcification in the wall of a structure or mass (thin rim type in structure)
• Such as cyst, pseudocyst or aneurysm
• smooth curvilinear rim of calcification is seen

Question 11

cystic calcification imaging findings

Answer 11

round/oval shape
smooth curvilinear rim
rim calcification generally continous
margins are sharp
inf is less dense then margins

Question 12

what type of calcification is a porcelain gallbladder and how does it look

Answer 12

calcification of the wall of the gallbladder
(cyst like calcification)
-often asymptomatic

Question 13

ho does a kidney cyst present

Answer 13

kidney with thin rim of calcification

Question 14

renal cyst like calcification causes

Answer 14

benign tumor
malignancy
inf
benign cysts

Question 15

Splenic cysts causes and main complications

Answer 15

80% are pseudocysts (traumatic)

complications: hemorrhage, rupture, inf (If over 4cm)

Question 16

How do splenic cysts, hydatid occur and tx

Answer 16

paralytic inf (zoonosis)
echinococcus tapeworm may lodge in the liver, lungs or kidneys

tx: surgical removal

Question 17

cystic lesions of liver causes

Answer 17

benign simple cysts
inf
vascular (hepatic artery aneurysm)
tumor (mets)

Question 18

what is an aneurysm + mc loc centrally/periphery/cardiac

Answer 18

an abnormal dialation of any vessel
may be in an artery/vein in body

mc= aorta, splenic, renal, vertebrak

mc per= popliteal

mc cardiac= left ventricle

Question 19

aneurysm causes + mc

Answer 19

atherosclerosis (mc)
inf
post stenotic dialation
syphilils 
arterititis

Question 20

what size of AAA def requires surgery

Answer 20

> 5.5 cm requires vascular surgery

Question 21

what is a solid mass calcification pattern + look

Answer 21

diverse calcification in a solid organ or tumor

• diverse features of calcification
• varied in shape
• iregular calcified border which is more dense
• uninterupeted margins

Question 22

what are gluteal injection granulomas and symptoms

Answer 22

common finding resulting from subcut injection
leads to fat necrosis + scaring
asymptomatic/no clinical sig

Question 23

mesenteric lymph nodes look

Answer 23

irregular calcifications
occurs in clusters
usually asymptomatic

Question 24

What is a dermoid cyst , age, look

Answer 24

Benign ovarian tumor
16-55yoa
Bilateral up to 25%

Question 25

ovarian dermoid cyst symptoms

Answer 25

abdominal and or low back pain abnormal uterine bleeding urinary frequency

Question 26

what is a uterine fibroid/leioyoma, age, where

Answer 26

most common pelvic timor w >30-menopause palpable mass

Question 27

uterine fibroid/leiomyoma symptoms

Answer 27

``` abdominal fullness/pain LBP gas/constipation bleeding bw periods of heavy mentrual bleeding increased urinary frequency ```

Question 28

uterine fibroid look of mass

Answer 28

popcorn, mulberry appearence sometimes cyst like calc dx us imaging tx; ob/gyn

Question 29

What is a conduit wall calc and mc thing it effects

Answer 29

wall of a channel or vessel becomes calcifies | mc: arteries

Question 30

conduit wall calcification imaging findings

Answer 30

parallel, linear opacities or ring like border may be indistinct, discontinuous, irregular no internal appearance ring like when seen en face

Question 31

vascular calcification risk factors (+mc)

Answer 31

``` Atherosclerosis (mc) >40 smoking diabetes hypertension obesity ```

Question 32

aortic aneurysm symptoms

Answer 32

``` pain clammy skin increased HR shock or lack of consciousness may be asymptomatic ```

Question 33

what is a good screening tool and accurate measuring took for aneurysm

Answer 33

US- good for screen abdominal CT/CTA- accurately measure

Question 34

Splenic artery main sign

Answer 34

serpiginous calcification

Question 35

vas deferent calcification look

Answer 35

serpentine calc

Question 36

dif causes of bilateral to unilateral vas defeens calc

Answer 36

bilateral- non inflammatory (mc diabetes) Unilateral- Chronic inflammation (ie tb)