Calcium channel, ACEI, ARB Flashcards by Jessica Grzybowski

What are the Calcium Channel Blockers?

**Amlodipine (Norvasc)
**Nicardipine (Cardene)
Diltiazem (oral)
Nifedipine
Verapamil

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Prescription for Amlodipine (Norvasc)?

	Amlodipine
10 mg
One tablet daily
•	Maintenance AND the max dose
	Most start at 5 mg
	Range = 2.5-10 mg

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Prescription for Nicardipine (Cardene)?

 Nicardipine infusion
Start at 5 mg/hour and titrate to effect every 15 minutes up to a maximum of 15 mg/hour
 Once up to 15 mg/hour and BP controlled, drop dose to 3 mg/hour as maintenance

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How do calcium channel blockers work?

o Normally calcium flows in to muscle cells resulting in smooth muscle contraction and cardiac myocyte contraction
 Calcium channel blockers do exactly that, block calcium from entering muscle cells
• Reduce smooth muscle contraction and reduce myocyte contraction
• Reduced blood pressure

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What are the differences of calcium channel blockers?

Pharmacokinetics: Amlodopine and Felodipine are only ones that can be once a day. All other ones are extended release.
Effect on cardiac conduction: Verapamil has biggest effect
Adverse Drug Reactions

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What are the Adverse Drug Reactions of the calcium channel blockers?

Dihydropyridines: Vascular side effects
Non-dihydropyridines: Cardiac conduction effects

o	That AV node effect
	Bradycardia or…
	AV block
o	That vasculature effect
	Excessive hypotension
	Dizziness
	Peripheral edema

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Indications for Amlodipine?

 Treatment of hypertension
 Treatment of symptomatic chronic stable angina, vasospastic angina
 Prevention of hospitalization due to angina with documented CAD

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Indications for Nicardipine (oral and intravenous)?

 Management of hypertension (immediate and sustained release products)
 Parenteral only for short-term use when oral treatment is not feasible
 Chronic stable angina (immediate-release product only)

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Indications for Diltiazem?

Primary hypertension

- Chronic stable angina or angina from coronary artery spasm

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Indications for Nifedipine?

Treatment of hypertension (sustained release products only)
Management of chronic stable or vasospastic angina

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Indications for Verapamil?

Treatment of hypertension
Angina pectoris (vasospastic, chronic stable, unstable)
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (PSVT, atrial fibrillation/flutter )

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Are the Calcium Channel Blockers a 1st line drug?

NO!!!
Diuretics are first line in the newly diagnosed hypertensive patient with no other cardiovascular diseases

Then a choice of:
ACE inhibitor
Calcium channel blocker
Beta blocker

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What are the advantages for the Calcium Channel Blockers?

No metabolic effects, no increase in lipid levels and safe in mild to moderate renal failure

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What do all the Calcium Channel Blockers interact with?

β-blockers –> additive or synergistic effects
o All interact with CYP3A4 –> ↑ level of CCB
o All interact with General Anesthetics –> Potentiation of cardiac effects and vascular dilation of anesthetic agent

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What are the ACE inhibitors?

Lisinopril (Zestril)
Captopril (Capoten)
Ramipril (Altace)

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Prescription for Lisinopril?


20 mg
One tablet daily
• Antihypertensive dose, need at least this for optimized dose
 Starting dose = 10 mg
 40 mg is also a good dose, 80 mg is too high
 Watch K+ levels and renal function

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Prescription for Captopril?

	
50 mg
One tablet three times a day
	Good for Diabetic nephropathy
	If go up to 100 mg, can get bad side effects, but 50 mg is a good dose

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How do the ACE inhibitors work?

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o Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
 Lower arteriolar resistance
 Increase venous capacity
 Increased cardiac output and cardiac index, stroke work and volume
 Lower renovascular resistance
o Reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy
o

Besides blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, what else do they do?

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Cut down on breakdown of bradykinin, so get more bradykinin which leads to more vasodilation and lower BP.
Also get increased prostaglandin synthesis, so NSAIDS can block this effect

What is the main difference between ACE inhibitors?

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Half life –> Captopril is short acting, and Lisinopril is long acting

Indication for Lisinopril?

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 Treatment of hypertension, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents
 Adjunctive therapy in treatment of heart failure
 Treatment of acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours in hemodynamically-stable patients to improve survival
 Treatment of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction

Indication for Captopril ?

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 Management of hypertension
 Treatment of heart failure
 Left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
 Diabetic nephropathy

Indication for Enalapril?

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Treatment of hypertension
Treatment of symptomatic heart failure
Treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
Only injectable

Indication for Ramipril?

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Treatment of hypertension, alone or in combination with thiazide diuretic
Treatment of left ventricular dysfunction after MI
To reduce risk of MI, stroke, and death in patients at increased risk for these events

What do ACEI inhibitors reduce?

reduce mortality in post-myocardial infarction patients and help prevent the development of heart failure

When are ACEI inhibitors contraindicated?

- pregnancy --> fetal death - o Renal artery stenosis (Bilateral) o Previous angioedema associated with ACE inhibitor therapy

What are the side effects for the ACEI inhibitors ?

``` o Hypotension o Cough o Hyperkalemia o Headache, dizziness, fatigue o Renal impairment o ```

What are the Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

* Losartan (Cozaar) | * Valsartan (Diovan)

Prescription for Losartan?

```  Losartan 50 mg One tablet daily  Range = 25-100 mg  Can be dosed 25 mg, two times a day ```

Prescription for Valsartan?

 Valsartan 160 mg One tablet daily  Max dose is 320 mg

How do the ARBs work?

o Block the receptor site where angiotensin II activates all of the “bad” effects  Blockade that results in  Drop in blood pressure o Get rid of vasoconstriction and aldosterone

What is the indication for Losartan?

 Treatment of hypertension  Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of hypertension  Stroke risk reduction in patients with HTN and left ventricular hypertrophy

What is the indication for Valsartan?

 Alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents in the treatment of primary hypertension  Reduction of cardiovascular mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction postmyocardial infarction  Treatment of heart failure (NYHA Class II-IV)

What is the indication for Azilsartan?

Treatment of hypertension; may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensives

What 2 ARBs are approved for heart failure?

- Valsartan (Diovan™) | - Candesartan (Atacand™)

What are the Adverse drug reactions of ARBS?

o Same as ACEI o ↑ risk of cancer - But lower incidence of dry cough

What is the renin antagonist?

Tekturna (Aliskiren)

What is the prescription for Tekturna?

 Tekturna 300 mg One tablet daily  There is a 150 mg

How does the renin antagonist (Tekturna) work?

Blockade of conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

What are the side effects of the renin antagonist?

Side effects same as ACEI and ARBs

Why don't people used the renin antagonist?

VERY VERY Expensive and have same clinical outcome as ACEI and ARBs, so not used

What are the generic combinations of the antihypertensive drugs?

- ACEIs and thiazides - ARBs and thiazides - ARBs and calcium channel blockers - Calcium channel blockers and “statins”

Should you use combinations of the antihypertensive drugs?

NO, resist! - Start off with a single agent 1st, so you can adjust. - only use with the elderly if they're always on it and have good effects; this way easier to remember and possibly may be cheaper

Calcium channel, ACEI, ARB Flashcards

(43 cards)