Calf and Ankle Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
What are the groups of bones of the ankle/foot?
A
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
2
Q
Name the tarsal bones
A
- talus
- calcaneus
- navicular
- cuboid
- medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiforms
3
Q
What does the talus articulate with to form the ankle joint?
A
Tibia and fibula
4
Q
what articulations form the intertarsal joints?
A
talus with calcaneus and navicular
5
Q
name the features of the talus
A
- body
- neck
- head
6
Q
what does the body of the talus articulate with?
A
- tibia
- M/L malleolus
7
Q
what does the neck of the talus articulate with?
A
navicular bone
8
Q
what are the features of the calcaneus?
A
- calcaneal tuberosity
- sustenticulum tali
9
Q
name the joints at the lower leg/ankle?
A
- Tibiofibular
- proximal (superior)
- distal (inferior)
- Talocrural
10
Q
proximal tibiofibular joint articulations
A
head of fibula and lateral epicondyle/plateau of tibia
11
Q
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
A
planar synovial joint
12
Q
Ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint
A
- strong joint capsule
- A/P ligaments of the fibular head
- Interosseous membrane
13
Q
Movements of the proximal tibiofibular joint
A
generally doesn’t move
allows slight elevation during dorsiflexion to help with shock absorption
14
Q
Distal tibiofibular joint articulations
A
medial surface of the distal end of fibula with fibular notch of tibia
15
Q
Distal tibiofibular joint type
A
syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis)
16
Q
Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint
A
- No joint capsule = not synovial joint
- interosseous tibiofibular ligament
- A/P tibiofibular ligaments
- interior transverse ligament
17
Q
Articulations at the talocrural joint
A
- fibulotalar - lateral malleolus of fibula with lateral trochlea of talus
- tibiotalar - distal end of tibia and lateral edge of medial malleolus with superio and medial trochlea of talus
18
Q
which articulation at the talocrual joint is the weight bearing connection between the tibia and talus?
A
Tibiotalar
19
Q
Joint type of talocrural joint
A
hinge, synovial
20
Q
Ligaments of the Talocrual joint
A
- interosseus ligament
- joint capsule
- collateral ligaments (M/L)
- Inferior transverse ligament
21
Q
what are the collateral ligaments of the Talocrural joint?
A
- Lateral (fibular) collarteral ligament
- Medial (tibial) collateral (deltoid) ligament
22
Q
Movements at the talocrural joint
A
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion with a little wobble when plantar flexion
23
Q
the body of the the talus is _______ anterior than posterior
A
wider
24
Q
when the ankle is ____________ the _____________ part of the talus body is between the malleoli for a tighter more ________ fit
A
- dorsiflexed
- wider anterior
- stable
25
Tibialis anterior prox attachment
tibia/fibula/IO membrane
26
Tibialis anterior distal attachment
medial tarsals (medial cuneiform & navicular) and base of metatarsal 1
27
Tibialis anterior innervation
fibular nerve (L4, 5)
28
Tibialis anterior action
1. at ankle - dorsiflex
2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
29
Extensor digitorum longus prox attachment
tibial/fibula/IO membrane
30
Extensor digitorum longus distal attachment
extensor expansion digits 2-5
31
Extensor digitorum longus innervation
fibular nerve (L4, 5)
32
Extensor digitorum longus action
1. at ankle - dorsiflex
2. at digits - extension
33
what forms the extensor expansion on digits 2-5?
1. extensor digitorum longus
2. lumbricals
3. plantar interossei
4. dorsal interossei
34
Extensor hallucis longus prox attachment
tibia/fibula/IO membrane
35
Extensor hallucis longus distal attachment
extensor expansion of hallux (digit 1)
36
Extensor hallucis longus innervation
fibular nerve (L4, 5)
37
Extensor hallucis long action
1. at ankle - dorsiflex
2. at hallux: extend
3. at intertarsal joints - inversion
38
Fibularis teritus prox attachment
fibula/IO membrane
39
Fibularis tertius distal attachment
base of metatarsal 5 (lateral foot)
40
Fibularis tertius innervation
fibular nerve (L4, 5)
41
Fibularis tertius action
1. at ankle - dorsiflex
2. at intertarsal joints - eversion
42
What are the retinaculum?
2 bands located on distal atnerior surface of leg
covers anterior compartment tendons to prevent bowstringing
43
list the retinaculum at the ankle
1. Superior extensor retinaculum
1. superior fibular retinaculum
2. Inferior extensor retinaculum
1. inferior fibular retinaculum
44
where is the superior extensor retinaculum?
from tibia to fibula proximal to malleoli
45
What is the superior fibular retinaculum?
an extension of the superior retinaculum
46
where is the superior fibular retinaculum?
runs from anterior intermuscular septum to the fibula
contains fibularis longus and brevis tendons
47
where is the inferior extensor retinaculum?
"Y" shaped band from medial ankle (tibia) and foot (navicular) to lateral foot (calcaneus)
48
what is the inferior fibular retinaculum?
an extension of the inferior extensor retinaculum that passes over the fibularis longus and brevis tendons
49
Muscles in the Anterior/Lateral Compartment of Leg
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor hallucis longus
4. Fibularis tertius
50
Lateral compartment Muscles
1. Fibularis longus
2. Fibularis brevis
51
Fibularis longus prox attachment
fibula
52
Fibularis longus distal attachment
base of metatarsal 1
medial cuneiform
53
Fibularis longus innervation
fibular never (L5, S1, S2)
54
Fibularis Longus Action
1. at ankle - plantar flex
2. at intertarsal joints:
1. eversion
2. maintain transverse arch
55
Fibularis brevis prox attachment
fibula
56
Fibularis brevis distal attachment
base of 5th metatarsal
57
Fibularis brevis innervation
fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
58
Fibularis brevis action
1. at ankle - plantar flex
2. at intertarsal joints - eversion
59
Posterior Compartment of Leg
Superficial Muscles
1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
60
Gastrocnemius prox attachment
medial and lateral condyles of femur
61
Gastrocnemius distal attachment
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon -\> calcaneal tuberosity
62
Gastrocnemius innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
63
Gastrocnemius action
1. at knee - flex
2. at ankle - plantar flex
64
T/F: the gastrocnemius is primarily made of red muscle fibers and is used for long duration activities
FALSE - it is white fibers and used in burst activities
65
Soleus prox attachment
tibia/fibula/IO membrane
66
Soleus distal attachment
calcanel (Achilles) tendon -\> calcaneal tuberosity
67
Soleus innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, 2)
68
Soleus action
plantar flex
69
Posterior Compartment of Leg
Deep muscles
1. Popliteus
2. Tibialis posterior
3. Flexor hallucis longus
4. Flexor digitorum longus
70
Popliteus prox attachment
lateral meniscus
lateral condyle of femur
71
Popliteus distal attachment
lateral edge of tibia
72
Popliteus innervation
tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)
73
Popliteus action
slightly flex and rotate to **unlock the knee from fully extended position**
74
Popliteus action
1. pull the lateral meniscus posteriorly
2. "unlock" knee from full extension
75
Tibialis posterior prox attachment
tibia/fibula/IO membrane
76
Tibialis posterior distal attachment
broad attachment at tarsals (calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid)
base of metatarsals 3-4
77
Tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve (L4, 5)
78
Tibialis posterior action
1. at ankle - plantar flex
2. at intertarsal joints:
1. inversion
2. maintain transverse arch
79
Flexor hallucis longus prox attachment
tibial/fibula/IO membrane
80
Flexor hallucis longus distal attachment
distal phalange of digit 1
81
Flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2, 3)
82
Flexor hallucis longus action
1. at ankle - plantar flex
2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
3. at digit 1 (metatarsal/phalangeal + interphalangeal) - flex
83
T/F: the flexor hallucis longus is a huge stabilizer and important for push off
TRUE
84
Flexor digitorum longus prox attachment
tibia/fibula/IO membrane
85
Flexor digitorum longus distal attachment
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
86
Flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2, 3)
87
Flexor digitorum longus action
1. at ankle - plantar flex
2. at intertarsal joints - inversion
3. at digits 2 thru 5 - flex
88
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
1. superior lateral = biceps femoris
2. superior medial = semitendinosus and semimembranosus
3. inferior lateral and medial = gastrocnemius
4. floor = popliteus
89
Contents of popliteus fossa
1. popliteal arteries and veins
2. Tibial and fibular nerves
3. lymph nodes and vessels
4. popliteus and plantaris muscles
