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California Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

5 larger California regions?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
Inland Valleys
Sierra Foothills
Southern California

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2
Q

What did Andre Tchelistcheff bring to the California wine industry?

A

Acted as consultant and pioneer winemaker
Temp-control fermentation
Winery hygiene
Techniques to prevent disease/frost

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3
Q

Impact of phylloxera in Cali?

A

Struck in 1980s
Led to re-evaluation of site selection
New varietals/planting material
Focus on quantity over quality

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4
Q

Important California climate elements?

A

Coast Ranges - shelter from Ocean
Fog
High diurnal range
Air flow - reduced fungal disease/frost
Wildfires

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5
Q

Sustainability in Cali?

A

85% of wine comes from a winery with sustainability certification
Organic is rare - no SO2

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6
Q

Winemaking and history of concentrated reds?

A

Started in 1990s due to demand/critical acclaim
Uses Green-harvesting and long hang time
Very ripe, concentrated, full bodied, and high alcohol

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7
Q

Describe Zinfandel:

A

Uneven ripening
Med+ Acid
Jammy raspberry, blueberry, blackberry
Medium/Full body
Med+ ripe tannins
American oak

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8
Q

Describe White Zinfandel:

A

Short maceration method
Medium pink
Fermentation stopped early - medium dry
Low alcohol
Medium acidity
Medium body
Strawberry and fruit candy

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9
Q

Describe Syrah in Cali:

A

Grown in cooler areas
Med/Med+ body
Med+ acid
Med+ tannin
Plum, blackberry, spice

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10
Q

Describe Pinot Gris in Cali:

A

Dry but fruity
Peach, pear, melon

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11
Q

Describe Petite Sirah:

A

AKA Durif
Late-ripening
Deeply colored
Full bodied
Black fruit, spice notes

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12
Q

Define Estate Bottled:

A

Made and bottled at winery
Grapes must come from the same AVA as the producer
All vineyards owned or controlled by producer

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13
Q

Production and export of Cali? Grape growers, wineries?

A

26 mil hL production
3.3 mil hL exported
5900 growers
4800 wineries

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14
Q

Relevance of Gallo?

A

Founded in Modesto in 1933
Largest wine company in the world
6.3 mil hL
Owns largest brand Barefoot

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15
Q

Sub-regions of North Coast, and their main feature:

A

Mendocino County
Lake County
Sonoma County
Napa County

Mayacamas mountains run through

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16
Q

Describe Mendocino:

A

Includes 13 AVAs - Anderson Valley, Mendocino, Redwood Valley, etc.
Coastal areas (Anderson) known for Pinot, Chard, aromatic whites
Inland (Redwood) known for Zin, Syrah, Petite Sirah, Cab Sauv

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17
Q

Describe Anderson Valley:

A

High rain
Warm with cool air funneled along Navarro River
Pinot Noir and Chard, aromatic whites (Alsace)
Williams Selyem

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18
Q

Describe Lake County:

A

Between Mayacamas and Vaca
Warm climate
Clear Lake - largest natural lake in Cali
Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc
7 Sub-AVAs

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19
Q

Describe Sonoma County:

A

Includes Northern Sonoma, Sonoma Coast, and Sonoma Valley
18 Sub-AVAs

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20
Q

AVA’s in Northern Sonoma?

A

Alexander Valley
Knights Valley
Russian River Valley
Green River Valley
Chalk Hill
Dry Creek Valley

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21
Q

Describe Alexander Valley:

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A

Warm
Moderate rainfall, mostly winter
Air funneled from Petaluma Gap + Russian River Valley
Fertility on floor, low nutrient on slopes
Cab: Blackberry, blackcurrant, dried herbs, chocolate
Stonestreet

22
Q

Describe Knights Valley:

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A

Warmer, hills shelter from cooling influence
Cab dominant; Merlot, Syrah, Sauv Blanc, Chard

23
Q

Describe Dry Creek Valley:

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A

Narrow, surrounding Dry Creek River
Warm days, cool nights
Gravel soils
Zin and Sauv Blanc
Ridge

24
Q

Describe Rockpile AVA:

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A

All vineyards must be above 800ft
Steep, rocky slopes
Warm nights
Zin, Petite Sirah, Syrah, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Douro
Devil Proof

25
Describe Russian River:
Moderate->warm Pinot Noir and Chardonnay Free draining, low nutrient soils Rochioli, La Crema
26
Describe Russian River Pinot:
Med/Med+ Body Med tannin Med+ acidity Ripe strawberry, cherry, vanilla spice
27
Describe Russian River Chard:
Med/Med+ body Med+ acid Ripe peach, pineapple, creamy, spicy
28
Describe Green Valley:
Coolest conditions Free-draining, low nutrient Chard/Pinot Noir
29
Describe Chalk Hill:
Warmer White volcanic ash soil Chard, Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc
30
Describe Sonoma Coast:
Includes Carneros, Petaluma Gap AVA, and Fort Ross Seaview AVA Cool ocean exposure; windy -Low yields - disrupted fruit set Pinot Noir, Chard Aubert
31
Describe Sonoma Valley:
Sheltered from Pacific by Sonoma Mountains Cooled by San Pablo Bay
32
Describe Sonoma Mountain:
Intense sun, warm days, cool nights Vineyards planted below fog line Volcanic soils (FDLN) Cab Sauv dominates
33
Describe Napa Valley:
4% Cali production, 27% value 16 sub-AVAs Mayacamas West, Vaca East
34
Describe Southern Napa valley floor AVAs:
Carneros, Coombsville, Oak Knoll Strongest feel of cold air/fog Cab in Coombsville, Oak Knoll - lighter-bodied, fresher style
35
Describe Northern Napa valley floor AVAs:
Yountville, Stags Leap District, Oakville, Rutherford, St Helena, Calistoga Warm to hot climate, cool nights Cab Sauv and Sauv Blanc dominant Cab - rounder, fruity, less structure than mountain AVAs SB - ripe, juicy, tropical, peach
36
Describe the Napa Mountain AVAs:
Less diurnal Higher levels of tannin/acidity Mount Veeder (coolest), Atlas Peak, Howell Mountain (warmest), Spring Mountain District, Diamond Mountain District
37
Soils of Napa:
Valley floor - silt/clay, high fertility + water retaining Alluvial fans at feet of mountains - "benches" - sediment deposits from mountain streams; deep, rocky, moderate fertility
38
Napa Vineyards:
60% certified Napa Green Drip irrigation common Mechanization on valley floor, hand harvest on slopes Cab and Chard most common overall
39
Importance of Rutherford Bench?
Home to To Kalon Most famous vineyard area Narrow 3mi stretch on Mayacamas in Oakville + Rutherford
40
Describe Central Coast:
Includes Monterey County, San Luis Obispo County, Santa Barbara County Cooled by coast
41
Describe Livermore Valley:
Stony soils Chard, Cab, Sauv Blanc, and Zin Wente, Concannon - their clones propagated 80% of Cali Cab and Chard
42
Describe Monterey County:
Monterey, SLH, Arroyo Seco, Chalone, Carmel Valley Chard, Pinot Noir, Syrah Low rainfall, irrigation essential FDLN Cool, wind, fog
43
Describe San Luis Obispo:
Includes Paso Robles, Edna Valley, Arroyo Grande Valley
44
Describe Paso Robles:
11 sub-AVAs, including Adelaida District Templeton Gap - low point in Coastal Range that cools Paso Calcareous and clay soils Moderate rainfall Cab Sauv dominant; Rhone varieties Tablas Creek
45
Describe Edna Valley:
One of coolest AVAs Morro Bay brings cool fog and wind Chardonnay and Pinot Noir dominate
46
Describe Santa Barbara:
Includes Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez Valley Transverse ranges - east/west orientation of Coast Range - funnels cool air Chardonnay/Pinot Noir dominate High alcohol Cellar door prohibited on site - must set up in town/city
47
Sub-AVAs of Santa Ynez:
Sta Rita Hills Bailard Canyon Los Olivos District Happy Canyon
48
Describe Sta Rita Hills Pinot:
Black cherry, black plum, tea leaf, savory Med+/High acid Med+ tannins
49
Describe Central Valley:
Not an AVA Sacramento valley (North) and San Joaquin (South) Flat, fertile Very ripe Colombard, Chard, Muscat, Zin, Merlot E&J Gallo, Bronco
50
Describe Lodi:
Hot mediterranean FDLN Irrigation widely used (Mokelumne River) Old vines - bush vines; new VSP/Cordon Zin dominates 7 sub-AVAs Lodi Rules was states first sustainability certification
51
Describe Sierra Foothills:
Hot days, cool nights - high diurnal Sandy/clay/granite - retains water Old vine Zin dominates; Italian, Rhone, Spanish 1mil ha
52
Describe South Coast:
South of LA to Mexico Chardonnay, Cab Sauv, Zin, Chenin Blanc

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