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Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

Important dates in Spain wine history:

A

Early 1960s - Miguel Torres returned from studying wine in France; implemented methods
1986 - Spain’s accession to EU
1996 - Irrigation legalized - production significantly increased

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2
Q

General Spain climate:

A

Warm
NW - maritime, high rainfall
SE - Mediterranean
Meseta (Central) - continental

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3
Q

Global contribution:

A

Largest vineyard plantings globally - almost 1mil ha under production
3rd largest producing country by volume
Largest exporter by volume
39mil hL/year

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4
Q

Vineyard management in Spain:

A

Low density plantings
Bush vines + old bush vines common
Low rainfall - reduce competition
Irrigation controlled by Consejo Regulador
Mildew, spring frost, European grapevine moth issues
Organic practices common, certifications uncommon
Mostly hand harvesting

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5
Q

Primary grapes in Spain:

A

Airen
Tempranillo
Bobal
Garnacha Tinta
Macabeo
Monastrell

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6
Q

Describe Airen:

A

Inexpensive, neutral whites from Castilla-La Mancha
Most of production goes to Brandy de Jerez

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7
Q

Describe Tempranillo:

A

Medium/high yields
Early ripening

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8
Q

National legislation for aging whites and reds?

A

Oak must be 330L or less
Reds:
Generic - none
Crianza - 24 total, 6 oak
Reserva - 36 total, 12 oak
Gran Reserva - 60 total, 18 oak
White/rose:
Generic - none
Crianza - 18 total, 6 oak
Reserva - 24 total, 6 oak
Gran Reserva - 48 total, 6 oak

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9
Q

What is roble?

A

“Oak”
Red wines aged in oak for an unspecified time - unclassified

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10
Q

DO’s?

A

70 total
Make up vast majority of vineyards

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11
Q

DOCa/DOQ’s?

A

Rioja and Priorat are the only ones
Must be an established DO for min. 10 years
Bottled on estate
Pass tasting assessment

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12
Q

VP’s?

A

VIno de Pago
A small number of single estates with high reputations
Mostly in Castilla-La Mancha
May use only their own grapes, vinified/matured on estate

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13
Q

An association of prestigious estates in Spain?

A

Grandes Pagos de Espana

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14
Q

VT’s?

A

Vino de la Tierra
PGI wines
40 VT’s
Largest is Castilla

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15
Q

What does the Consejo Regulador:

A

Max yields
Grape varieties
Irrigation/vineyard practices
Aging requirements
Packaging regulations

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16
Q

Wine business in Spain:

A

Co-ops dominate
Low domestic consumption
Bulk wine 56% of exports
France, Germany, UK, USA, China
Foods and Wines from Spain - promotional body

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17
Q

DO’s of Galicia and their key varietal:

A

Rias Biaxes (Albarino)
Valdeorras (Godello)
Ribeiro (Treixadura)
Ribeira Sacra (Mencia)
Monterrei (Mencia + Godello)

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18
Q

Describe Rias Biaxas:

A

High rainfall, maritime climate
Sand/granite free-draining soils
95%+ Albarino
5 subzones: O Rosal, Val do Saines, etc.
Pergola trellising (Parral)
25% Export (US biggest)

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19
Q

Describe Albarino:

A

Early/mid ripening
Thick skins
High acid
Med-/Med body
Med alcohol
Lemon, grapefruit, peach, floral

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20
Q

Winemaking for Rias Biaxas:

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A

Protective - retain fruit
Stainless steel, cool fermentation
Partial malolactic in cool years - not to the point of buttery
Stored on lees but not stirred

21
Q

Describe Castilla y Leon and name DOs:

Study These Flashcards
A

Continental climate
Bierzo
Toro
Ribera del Duero
Rueda DO

22
Q

Describe Bierzo:

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A

Adequate rainfall
75% Mencia of plantings; 2% Alicante Boushet, then Godello and whites
Mencia min. 70% of blend but often 100%

23
Q

Describe Mencia:

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A

Early/mid ripening
Med+/high acid
Quickly accumulates sugar
Range of styles
Young wines often (semi)carbonic and unoaked

24
Q

Describe Toro:

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A

Continental
TInta de Toro primary varietal (possibly related to Tempranillo)
Garnacha, Malvasia, Verdejo
Low rainfall, irrigation not permitted after June
Bush vines, ungrafted vines
Sandy soils

25
Describe Ribera del Duero:
Vega Sicilia was first winery Continental Low rainfall Frost issues in spring and autumn Tinto Fino (Tempranillo) is primary grape - min 75% of blend White wines only allowed since 2019 20% export
26
Describe Verdejo:
Drought tolerant Med/Med+ acid Med alc Apple, pear, peach, herbal/fennel, bitterness
27
Describe Rueda:
Whites based on Verdejo and Sauv Blanc Hot and dry Limestone - free draining, poor nutrients Production quadrupled from 2000-2019 13% export
28
Rioja Topography?
River Ebro Sierra de Cantabria - protects from the North Sierra de la Demanda - protects from South
29
Sub-regions of Rioja:
Rioja Alta: Largest; south of Ebro; continental with some maritme; alluvial/clay Rioja Alavesa: Smallest; north of Ebro, cool and wet; calcareous clay Rioja Oriental: Large; East of Logrono, N+S of Ebro; clay; at risk for climate change due to low altitude
30
Grape varietals in Rioja:
Tempranillo Garnacha Graciano Mazuelo (Carinena) Maturana Tinta (Trousseau) Cab Sauv Viura (Macabeo) Tempranillo Blanco Malvasia Garnacha Blanca Verdejo Sauvignon Blanc
31
Describe Viura:
Late budding Late ripening Susceptible to botrytis Neutral
32
Oak use in Rioja:
Traditionally American French now more common Only 225L barrels can be used for Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva
33
Describe white Rioja profile:
Med+ body Med+ acid Citrus fruit Smoky, nutty from oak Castillo Ygay: oxidative style with intense, complex tertiary of nuts, honey, and dried fruits with high acid
34
Rioja wine labelings:
Vino de Zona (85% from one zone) Vino de Municipio (85% from one village/group of villages listed) Vinedo Singular (single vineyard owned min 10 yrs); hand harvested and sustainable All must be vinified/aged/bottled in area listed
35
Changes to aging requirements in Rioja:
Crianza red - 12mo in oak Gran Reserva red - 60 mo total Crianza white - 24mo total
36
Rioja wine business?
Small vineyard plots - Co-ops dominate Average bottle price substantially higher than most DO Sales increasing 37% export - UK, Germany, US
37
Describe Navarra:
5 sub-regions Tempranillo (main) Garnacha Cab Sauv Merlot Chardonnay (main)
38
Regions of Aragon?
Carinena Campo de Borja Calatayud Somontano
39
Primary wines of Aragon:
Mainly red wines Old vine Garnacha common Somontano: Cab, Chard, and Gewurz
40
Describe Penedes:
DO within Catalunya Mostly known for Cava grapes Three climatic zones: Penedes Maritim, Penedes Central, Penedes Superior 30% export
41
DOQ in Catalunya?
Priorat Promoted from DO to DOQ in 2009
42
Climate and viticulture in Priorat?
Warm continental Moderate rainfall - spring and winter; irrigation for new vineyards and dry years Hand harvesting Licorella soils - slate/thin/rocky/low nutrients Max 39hL/ha
43
Varietals in Priorat:
Garnacha Carinena Cab Sauv Syrah Merlot Garnacha Blanca + Macabeo = 6%
44
Classifications of Priorat:
Vi de Vila - from one of 12 subzones Vi de Paratge - from a single named site Vinya Classificada - single vineyard (cru) Gran Vinya Classificada - single vineyard of exceptional merit (grand cru)
45
Regions in Catalunya:
Catalunya DO Penedes DO Priorat DQ Monsant DO Costers del Segre DO
46
Regions in Valencia, and what are they known for?
Valencia DO (Moscatel de Alejandria, Merseguera) Utiel-Requena DO (Bobal) Alicante DO (Monastrell) Bulk wines
47
Main grape of Murcia and regions?
Monastrell Jumilla DO Yecla DO
48
Regions of Castilla-La Mancha, key varietals, and key climate feature:
Extreme continental climate La Mancha DO (Airen) Valdepenas DO (Cencibel(Tempranillo)) Vino de Pago (18) Castilla VP
49
Describe Txakoli:
Three DOs in Basque County High rainfall Hondarrabi Zuri is main grape High acid, med- body, low alc, slight spritz Lemon, apple, pear - fresh

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