🇨🇦 Canadian History & Government Flashcards
definitions, terms and concepts (16 cards)
Date of Confederation
(birth of Canada) – July 1, 1867, when Canada officially became a country.
Upper Canada ( ) & Lower Canada ( )
upper canada (Ontario) & Lower Canada (Quebec) – British colonies before 1841, then provinces until 1867 when they joined Confederation.
British North America Act
(July1,1867) – The law creating Canada, uniting Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into a country .
Oligarchy
– Government ruled by a small group of powerful, wealthy British men.
Colonialism
When one country controls another area, often sending settlers and taking resources.
colony
the land that is being taken over
Representative / Responsible Government
(ca. 1848) – A system where elected officials make decisions and can be removed if they don’t do their job.
Fur Traders / Coureurs de bois
(1600s–1700s) – People in early Canada who hunted and traded fur with Indigenous groups.
1837 Rebellions (Upper & Lower Canada)
– Two armed rebellions by colonists seeking more self-rule and less British power.
Filles du Roi
(1663–1673) – “Daughters of the King” — young women sent to New France by the French king to raise the population.
1841 Act of Union
– A law passed by Britain joining Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) into the Province of Canada.
Habitants –
French Canadian farmers in New France who lived off the land and paid rent to the seigneurs
Manifest Destiny
(1800s US) – The belief that the United States had a divine right to expand across North America.
Land Speculator –
Someone who buys land hoping its value will increase so they can sell it for a profit.
Economic/Political Causes of Confederation
(1860s) – Key reasons Canada united: better trade, defense, and building a railway.
7 Years’ War (1756–1763) / Treaty of Paris (Feb10,1763)
– A war between Britain and France over colonies; France gave most of Canada to Britain .
