Cancer

Question 1

Two major dysfunctions in cancer development

Answer 1

Defective cell proliferation

Defective cell differentiation

Question 2

normal cells growing in the wrong place @ wrong time

Answer 2

benign

Question 3

Abnormal cells that serve no useful function & are harmful

Answer 3

malignant

Question 4

Benign cells are

Answer 4

slow growing; non infiltrating

Question 5

cells differ slightly from normal cells

Answer 5

grade I

Question 6

Cells are more abnormal & moderately differentiated

Answer 6

grade II

Question 7

Cells are very abnormal & poorly differentiated

Answer 7

grade III

Question 8

Cells are immature & primitive & undifferentiated; cells of origin is difficult to determine

Answer 8

grade IV

Question 9

Cancer that is precancerous

Answer 9

0 stage

Question 10

Tumor limited to tissue of origin; localized tumor growth

Answer 10

I stage

Question 11

Limited local spread

Answer 11

II stage

Question 12

Extensive local & regional spread

Answer 12

III stage

Question 13

Metastasis

Answer 13

IV stage

Question 14

TNM classification

Answer 14

Tumor size & invasiveness (T)
Spreads to lymph nodes (N)
Metastasis (M)

Question 15

blood cancers (leukemia)

Answer 15

hematologic cancer

Question 16

organ cancers (lung cancer)

Answer 16

Solid cancer

Question 17

mx

Answer 17

unable to evaluate

Question 18

m0

Answer 18

no evidence of metastasis

Question 19

Primary Prevention

Answer 19

avoid carcinogenesis
Maintain healthy wt
diet
exercise

Question 20

Cancer management

Answer 20

surgical–resection

Focused on destroying cancer cells & preventing future growth

Question 21

radiation administered internally using radiation source/ implant- *pt is radioactive

Answer 21

brachytherapy

Question 22

radiation beam given externally -*pt is not radioactive

Answer 22

tele therapy

Question 23

-*External radiation-skin is marked on where to put beam to give radiation-encourage

Answer 23

well balanced diet

radiation can alter taste, fatigue, skin tissue integrity

Question 24

main disadvantage of chemo

Answer 24

can destroy normal cells as well

Question 25

NEVER give chemo thru

Answer 25

IV: can cause infiltration

Question 26

Anyone preparing chemo

Answer 26

handle meds carefully, dispose meds carefully, wear PPE, can only be done by oncologist certified nurse

Question 27

Chemo side effects

Answer 27

Bone marrow suppression - Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) - Mucositis - Alopecia - Changes in cognitive function (“chemo brain”) - Peripheral neuropathy - Anxiety

Question 28

Must be on neutropenic precautions

Answer 28

``` NO plants flower fresh fruits & veggies Avoid standing water private rooms wear masks ```

Question 29

Sepsis: immunosuppression checK:

Answer 29

blood culture free from infection need aseptic tech.

Question 30

Risk factors/changes to be aware of

Answer 30

``` Changes in bowel/bladder habits Sore throats Unusual bleeding Thickening/lump Indigestion/difficulty swallowing Change in wart/mole new cough ```

Question 31

treatment of CINV

Answer 31

``` antiemetics calorie count check urine output mouth care cold foods ```