Immune/HIV

Question 1

stimulates immune response

Answer 1

Antigen

Question 2

Protein that is produced in response to antigen

Answer 2

Antibody

Question 3

Present @ birth; first line of defense

Answer 3

Innate native immunity

Question 4

Local manifestations of inflammatory response

Answer 4

Redness
heat 
pain
swelling
loss of function

Question 5

If WBC less than 5,000

Answer 5

leukopenia

Question 6

More than 11,000

Answer 6

leukocytosis

Question 7

systemic inflammatory response

Answer 7

Increased WBC "shift to the left" 
Malaise
Nausea/anorexia
Increased pulse & RR
Fever

Question 8

when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response

Answer 8

natural active immunity

Question 9

can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen

Answer 9

artificial active immunity

Question 10

mother to fetus

Answer 10

natural passive immunity

Question 11

short term immunization by injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulins, that are not produced by the recipient’s cell; immediate protection

Answer 11

Artificially passive immunity

Question 12

HIV can occur during

Answer 12

pregnancy

Question 13

Immune problems start when CD4+ T-cell counts drop

Answer 13

<500 cells

Question 14

Severe problems develop when

Answer 14

<200 CD4+ T cells

Question 15

Normal cell ranges

Answer 15

800-1200

Question 16

Acute infection

Answer 16

mono like symptoms
2-4weeks after infection
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
sore throat
headache 
malaise nausea 
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS

Question 17

the interval between untreated HIV infection and a diagnosis of AIDS.

Answer 17

Asymptomatic infection

Question 18

Symptomatic infection the CD4 cells decline closer to

Answer 18

200 cells

Symptoms become worse

Question 19

Symptomatic infection

Answer 19

Shingles
Persistent vaginial candida infection
Herpes
Bacterial infections

Question 20

Diagnostics for HIV

Answer 20

ELISA & Western Blot

then test viral load

Question 21

AIDs is characterized by:

Answer 21

Severe immune system suppression and CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL
•An opportunistic infection

Question 22

The most useful screening tests for HIV are those that detect

Answer 22

HIV specific antibodies

Question 23

CD4 normal range

Answer 23

800-1200

Question 24

Abnormal blood tests can be caused by

Answer 24

decreased WBC–especially lymphopenia & neutropenia
Low platelet counts
Anemia

Question 25

The lower the what the less active the disease

Answer 25

viral load

Question 26

a marker for immune function

Answer 26

CD4 cell count

Question 27

Assessment @ risk pts what to ask

Answer 27

Shared needles, syringes, or other injection equipment with another person? •Had a sexual experience with your penis, vagina, rectum, or mouth in contact with these areas of another person? •Had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Question 28

Prevention of HIV

Answer 28

Decreasing risks: Sexual intercourse - Abstinence - safe sex - Use of barriers - Male and female condoms have 100% efficacy and are more than 90% effective. - Decreasing risks: Drug use - Do not use drugs. - Do not share equipment. - Do not have sexual intercourse under the influence of any impairing substance. - Decreasing risks: Perinatal transmission - Family planning - Prevent HIV in women. - Appropriately medicate HIV-infected pregnant women.

Question 29

delaying disease progression

Answer 29

nutritional support to maintain lean body mass and ensure appropriate levels of vitamins and micronutrients •(2) moderation or elimination of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use •(3) keeping up to date with recommended vaccines •(4) getting adequate rest and exercise •(5) reducing stress •(6) avoiding exposure to new infectious agents •(7) accessing mental health counseling •(8) getting involved in support groups and community activities •(9) developing a consistent relationship with health care providers, including attendance at regular appointments.

Question 30

ART side effects

Answer 30

Diarrhea Fatigue Body image disturbances

Question 31

HIV teaching points

Answer 31

proper hand hygiene Avoid crowds avoid any poorly sanitized conditions avoid raw foods

Question 32

Losing 10% of weight

Answer 32

wasting syndrome

Question 33

HIV assessment: what to focus on

Answer 33

signs of infection Resp: pneumonia Skin GI: nutrition status