Cancer

Question 1

Uncontrolled Growth of Cells

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

Forms a solid mass or tumor in the other areas of the body

Answer 2

Neoplasms

Question 3

Called Formation of Tumor

Answer 3

Tumorigenesis

Question 4

Called spreading of tumor

Answer 4

Metastasis

Question 5

Tumors can form due to:

Answer 5

1. Activation of growth factors and oncogenes

2. In combination with apoptosis, tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulation genes

Question 6

Tumor in which it remain within the tissue

Answer 6

In situ cancer

Question 7

Tumor in which it invade nearby tissues

Answer 7

Invasive cancer

Question 8

Tumor marker can be formed from

Answer 8

The tumor itself or the host in response to tumor

Question 9

Formation of new blood vessels

Answer 9

Angiogenesis

Question 10

Programmed Cell Death

Answer 10

Apoptosis

Question 11

Biochemical Events of Apoptosis

Answer 11

Blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay

Question 12

Increased invasion of cancer cells

Answer 12

Tumor progression

Question 13

Once accumulated and mutated, there is increased invasion during tumor progression thus leads to

Answer 13

Angiogenesis

Question 14

Apoptosis results when

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton (proteases) and DNA (endonuclease) break down

Question 15

The nucleus of the dying cell becomes deeply

Answer 15

Basophilic

Question 16

Chromosome duplication occurs in what phase

Answer 16

S Phase

Question 17

Mitosis occurs in what phase

Answer 17

Mitosis Phase or M Phase

Question 18

G1 is located where

Answer 18

Before S Phase

Question 19

G2 is located where

Answer 19

After S Phase, before M Phase

Question 20

Uncontrolled tissue growth

Answer 20

Neoplasm

Question 21

Malignant is

Answer 21

Cancerous

Question 22

Benign is

Answer 22

Non cancerous

Question 23

Encodes a protein that promotes uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 23

Oncogene

Question 24

Doctor of cancer

Answer 24

Oncologist

Question 25

Encodes protein involved in protecting cells

Answer 25

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Question 26

Function of Tumor Suppressor Gene

Answer 26

Either repress cell cycle or promote apoptosis

Question 27

How Cancer Progresses (5 steps)

Answer 27

Proliferation Transformation Invasion Metastasis and Vascularization

Question 28

Factors for Cancer Severity

Answer 28

``` Tumor Size Extent of invasion Lymph node involvement Metastasis Histologic Assessments ```

Question 29

Stage I

Answer 29

Localized primary tumor

Question 30

Stage Ii

Answer 30

Invasion of primary tumor through epithelium and into blood vessels

Question 31

Stage III

Answer 31

Migration of tumor into regional lymph nodes

Question 32

Stage IV

Answer 32

Metastasis and Invasion of Tumor to Distant Cells

Question 33

Ideal Tumor Marker (3)

Answer 33

Tumor specific Absent in healthy individuals Readily detectable in body fluids

Question 34

All tumor markers can be detected from the blood or sample when individual is symptomatic except for

Answer 34

PSA

Question 35

Useful role of tumor markers

Answer 35

Monitoring Effectiveness of Therapy and Disease Recurrence

Question 36

6 months after therapy, tumor marker is still increased

Answer 36

Relapse or Recurrence of Cancer