Cancer

Question 1

Which is the most common type of cancer overall in the UK?

Answer 1

Breast cancer

Question 2

Which is the most common type of cancer in men in the UK?

Answer 2

Prostate cancer

Question 3

Which is the most common type of cancer in women in the UK?

Answer 3

Breast cancer

Question 4

Does tumour growth continue after the removal of the stimulus?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Is tumour growth a reversible or irreversible change?

Answer 5

Irreversible

Question 6

What is an adenoma?

Answer 6

Benign tumour of glandular epithelium

Question 7

What is an adenocarcinoma?

Answer 7

Malignant tumour of glandular epithelium

Question 8

What is a squamous papilloma?

Answer 8

Benign tumour of squamous epithelium

Question 9

What is a squamous carcinoma?

Answer 9

Malignant tumour of squamous epithelium

Question 10

What is an osteoma?

Answer 10

Benign tumour of bone

Question 11

What is an osteosarcoma?

Answer 11

Malignant tumour of bone

Question 12

What is leukaemia?

Answer 12

Malignant tumour of the white blood cells

Question 13

What is a naevus?

Answer 13

Benign tumour of the melanocytes

Question 14

What is a liposarcoma?

Answer 14

Malignant tumour of fatty tissue

Question 15

What is a fibroma?

Answer 15

Benign tumour of fibrous tissue

Question 16

What is lymphoma?

Answer 16

Malignant tumour of the lymphoid tissue

Question 17

What is a melanoma?

Answer 17

Malignant tumour of the melanocytes

Question 18

What is a lipoma?

Answer 18

Benign tumour of fatty tissue

Question 19

What is a fibrosarcoma?

Answer 19

Malignant tumour of fibrous tissue

Question 20

Which are usually encapsulated - benign or malignant tumours?

Answer 20

Benign

Question 21

What is a teratoma?

Answer 21

Tumour of germ cells - can be benign or malignant

Question 22

What type of tumours are associated with elevated alpha fetoprotein?

Answer 22

Hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoma of the testes

Question 23

If you suspected a patient may have colorectal cancer, which tumour biomarker would you screen for?

Answer 23

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Question 24

If you suspected a patient may have prostate cancer, which tumour biomarker would you screen for?

Answer 24

Prostate specific antigen

Question 25

What would elevated levels of oestrogen receptor be indicative of?

Answer 25

Breast cancer

Question 26

If you suspected a patient's cancer may have metastasised to the liver, which tumour biomarker would you screen for?

Answer 26

Alpha fetoprotein

Question 27

What type of cancer is associated with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen?

Answer 27

Colorectal cancer

Question 28

What would elevated levels of prostate specific antigen be indicative of?

Answer 28

Prostate cancer

Question 29

Which phase of the cell cycle is the cell said to be 'resting' or quiescent?

Answer 29

G0

Question 30

At which point in the cell cycle does cell growth cease?

Answer 30

M (Mitosis)

Question 31

If the cell size is inadequate, which phase will it arrest in?

Answer 31

G1 or G2

Question 32

If the cell nutrient supply is inadequate, which phase will it arrest in?

Answer 32

G1

Question 33

If DNA damage is detected, which phase of the cell cycle will the cell arrest in?

Answer 33

G1 or G2

Question 34

The checkpoints in each phase of the cell cycle are made up of a system of a catalytic subunit activated by a regulatory subunit. What are the catalytic subunits called?

Answer 34

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

Question 35

The checkpoints in each phase of the cell cycle are made up of a system of a catalytic subunit activated by a regulatory subunit. What are the regulatory subunits called?

Answer 35

Cyclins

Question 36

The checkpoints in each phase of the cell cycle are made up of a system of a catalytic subunit activated by a regulatory subunit. What is the active enzyme complex called?

Answer 36

CDK/cyclin complex

Question 37

Does pRb inactivate E2F transcription factor when it is phosphorylated or hypophosphorylated?

Answer 37

Hypophosphorylated

Question 38

Do p53 levels increase or decrease in damaged cells?

Answer 38

Increase