Cancer

Question 1

gold standard for colon cancer detection

Answer 1

colonscopy

Question 2

what can CEA marker be used for?

Answer 2

used to detect levels on a pt that had sx for cancer

Question 3

familial adenomatous polyposis

Answer 3

autosomal dominant, carpet of polyps

100% chance of developing colon cancer

Question 4

what is the definition of diarrhea

Answer 4

200 cc of water per day in stool

Question 5

osmotic vs

secretory diarrhea

Answer 5

• stool volume decreases with fasting

- fasting does not stop diarrhea

Question 6

MCC of travelers diarrhea

Answer 6

enterotoxic E. Coli

Question 7

how do you get E. Coli?

Answer 7

• eating infected meat
• causes hemolytic uremic syndrome
• usually not treated

Question 8

non-typhoid salmonella is transmitted via

Answer 8

Food
Fingers
Feces
Flies
Fomites

Question 9

non typhoid salmonella presents as

Answer 9

gastroenteritis or as dysentery

Question 10

typhoid fever presents as

Answer 10

high fever, HA, AMS, then pain localizes to RLQ

Question 11

shigella presents as

Answer 11

bloody diarrhea

Question 12

Most frequent identifiable cause of bacterial enteric infections

Answer 12

campylobacter jejuni

Question 13

yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 13

• favors invasion in RLQ
• MC in children, may mimic appendicitis
• Source = Milk, ice cream, pets, animal food products

Question 14

how quickly does actue food poisoning occur?

Answer 14

within 6 hours

Question 15

what organism presents with very early onset of upper GI symptoms (1-4 hours), followed by diarrhea, then resolves within 24 hours

Answer 15

S. Aureus

Question 16

Diarrhea starts about 8-24 hours after ingestion, and self-limited after about 24 hours of symptoms. Typically from inadequately heated meat

Answer 16

C. Perfringens

Question 17

C. Dif tx

Answer 17

metronidazole, Vanco if that doesn’t work

Question 18

antibiotic to avoid in C. Dif pts

Answer 18

clindamycin

Question 19

Diarrhea, cramps are MC presentation w/elevated white count

Answer 19

C. Dif

Question 20

giardia

Answer 20

MC affects the duodenum and jejunum, leading to upper GI problems

Question 21

entamoeba histolytica

Answer 21

infection by cyst ingestion, may mimic UC

bloody, painful diarrhea

Question 22

Protozoan Intestinal Infections: Cryptosporidiosis/Isospora/Microsporidia tx

Answer 22

nitzoxanide (Alinia)

Question 23

main antibiotic choice

Answer 23

fluroquinolone

Question 24

how to dx rotavirus?

Answer 24

ELISA

PCR

Question 25

how to detect CMV?

Answer 25

biopsy

Question 26

skin changes can be seen in these conditions

Answer 26

``` celiac sprue (dermatitis herpetiformis) carcinoid syndrome (flushing) ```

Question 27

arthritis can be seen in this condition

Answer 27

- IBD | - whipples

Question 28

chronic fatty diarrhea

Answer 28

- stool floating on water | - check via fecal fat collection

Question 29

``` Vit A malabsorbtion D E K B12 ```

Answer 29

``` hyperkeratosis, night blindness tetany, osteomalacia neuropathy bruising anemia, neuropathy ```