Intro Flashcards
(42 cards)
best test for gallbladder problems?
US first then HIDA scan
should you order an AXR?
if you think you will need a CT then go straight to that
Initial study of choice for suspected cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
US
when to use the capsule endoscopy
Obscure GI bleeding Chronic diarrhea Malabsorption Crohn’s disease Esophageal disease
what is endoscopic ultrasound used for
- pancreatitis
- cardidopulmonary dysfunction
- tumor seeding w/biopsy (cancer staging)
best test to detect pancreatic cancer
endoscopic ultrasound
best therapeutic intervention for examination of the upper GI tract, the papilla of Vater, and the pancreatic duct
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
allows for biopsy, removal of stones
most important indication for ECRP
- obstructive jaundice
- also preferred method of examination for a patient with possible choledocholithiasis
what is Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) used for?
non-invasive evaluation of the pancreatic and biliary systems. Can only take pictures, no therapeutic intervention
what type of cells make up the esophagus
squamous epithelium except for distal 1-2 cm where it turns to columnar (z-line)
sense of impaired transport of bolus through esophagus
dysphagia
pain with swallowing
odynophagia
difficulty initiating swallows is termed
oropharyngeal dysphagia
food “sticking” after swallowing is termed
esophageal dysphagia
difficulty swallowing solids only is caused from mechanical obstruction. Intermittent is caused from ( ) and progressive is caused from ( )
- esophageal ring
- stricture/malignancy
difficulty swallowing solids and liquids is caused from a motility disorder. Intermittent is caused from ( ) and progressive from ( )
- esophageal spasm
- achalasia/scleroderma
first test typically ordered for dysphagia
barium esophagram (swallow)
secondary tests ordered for dysphagia
- endoscopy w/biopsy
- endoscopic US
diagnostic tests you can order for esophageal disorders
- esophageal manometry
- acid reflux (pH) studies
- CT/MRI
best test that demonstrates reflux
24 hour pH monitor
best test that dmeonstrates the effects of reflux
endoscopy
Barrett’s metaplasia
squamous changes to columnar from stomach acid
hiatal hernia
stomach pushes up through the diaphragm leading to increased transient LES relaxation
main tx of GERD
- PPIs
- H2 antagonists
