Cancer

Question 1

what does treatability depend on

Answer 1

location and organ

Question 2

proliferation definition

Answer 2

rapid cell growth

Question 3

apoptosis

Answer 3

programmed cell death

Question 4

differentation

Answer 4

no longer resemble normal cells

Question 5

angiogensis

Answer 5

growth of blood vessles

Question 6

carcinomas

Answer 6

cancer which starts on the surface or lining of a body organ

Question 7

sarcomas

Answer 7

cancer that starts in the bodys bones, fat, muscle, tendons or cartlidge

Question 8

melanomas

Answer 8

start in the cells that determine skin tone

Question 9

lymphomas

Answer 9

originate in lymphocytes

Question 10

leukmia

Answer 10

cancer of white blood cells

Question 11

myelomas

Answer 11

cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow

Question 12

Nerve cell tumors

Answer 12

cancer that start in brain or spinal cord

Question 13

germ cell tumour

Answer 13

cells that start in sperm or eggs

Question 14

whats are the different stages used to report cancer

Answer 14

T - tumor, followed by number giving size of the tumor

N - nodes, 0 = not in nodes, 1 = in nodes

M - metastes, 0 = not metastasised, 1 = metastasied

Question 15

causes of cancer

Answer 15

gender 
age - risk increases with age 
family history 
obesity 
lifestyle 
others - pollution etc

Question 16

lifestyle fcators that influence cancer

Answer 16

smokiing 
weight 
alcohol 
sun 
red meat 
salt 
fibre 
PA

Question 17

stages of cancer treatment

Answer 17

neoadjuvant - before treatment or surgery, aim ot shrink tumor
Surgery - removal
Adjuvant - treatment post surgery
Pallative - reduce symptoms, make comfortable

Question 18

radiotherapy

Answer 18

high dose x-ray treatment aim to destory DNA in cell
cell is changed phyiscally and chemically
affects healthy cells

Question 19

side effects of radiotherapy

Answer 19

depends on cancer and loaction
fatigue - due to radiotherapy and effects on life
soreness to the skin

Question 20

chemotherapy

Answer 20

systemic treatment - affects whole body, any cell that divides constantly
given in cycles
healthy cells also killed

Question 21

side effects of Chemo

Answer 21

vary from pateint and treatment, can accumulate over cycles 
GI - diarrohea, neausea 
Blood count - WBC, RBC, platlets 
Pheripheral neuropathy 
hai, mouth, skin, nails
fatigue 
pain 
sleeping difficulties 
weight change 
cardiotoxicity

Question 22

hormone therapy

Answer 22

aims to inhibit production of specific hormones
oral tablets or injections
LH blockers
GnHR blockers

Question 23

immunotherapy

Answer 23

allows immune system to idenitfy the cancerous cells as bad

naturally attacks cancer cells

Question 24

Targeted therapies

Answer 24

attack all factors that make cancer cells differnet

Question 25

active survilance/ wtchful waiting

Answer 25

regualr check ups and scans - blood - biopsy avoiding unnecessary treatment

Question 26

cancer care continum

Answer 26

``` diagnosis surgery chemo radiotherapy hormone remission pallative ``` might recieve in a different order and only some

Question 27

aim of exercise during cancer treatment

Answer 27

maintain CV and muscular fitness manage side effects psychological wellbeing gives some feeling of control

Question 28

effects of surgery

Answer 28

``` reduce ROM core stability fatigue incontinence lymphodema ```

Question 29

benefits of exercise and chemo

Answer 29

increases effectivness of anti cancer treatment - changes environment around the tumor - increass transport of treatment and toxins increases tolerance to greater doses higher treatment completion rates reduce fatigue decreases peripheral neuropathy increases appetite

Question 30

benefit of exercise on radiotherapy

Answer 30

decrease fatigue decrease lymphodema - muscle contraction decrease peripheral neuropathy

Question 31

benefit of exercise on hormone treatment

Answer 31

decrease fatigue | improve body comp - balance out negative effects of hormone

Question 32

mechanics exercise helps with

Answer 32

``` inflammation immunity oxidative stress metabolic stress sex hormones bowel transit ```