Cancer and Tumors

Question 1

Bladder cancer

Answer 1

• schistosoma parasite

- NMP22 marker used

Question 2

small cell lung cancer

Answer 2

• NSE (neuron specific enolase)

- strongest associated to tobacco exposure

Question 3

lung cancer

Answer 3

• can be caused by radon exposure

- metastasizes to bone, adrenal and brain.

Question 4

skin cancer

Answer 4

-xeroderma pigmentosum is prone to skin cancer

Question 5

pancreatic cancer

Answer 5

CA-19-9

Question 6

liver cancer

Answer 6

• aflatoxin- beta1
• AFP is useful in monitoring this cancer
• HBV

Question 7

breast cancer

Answer 7

• CA-15-3

- condition associated with inherited mutated allele of BRCA1

Question 8

ovarian cancer

Answer 8

CA-125

Question 9

cervical cancer

Answer 9

HPV

Question 10

testicular cancer

Answer 10

beta-HCG

Question 11

melenoma

Answer 11

S100

Question 12

multiple myeloma

Answer 12

B2M

Question 13

thyroid cancer

Answer 13

calcitonin

Question 14

colon cancer

Answer 14

• CEA is a tumor marker useful in monitoring

- MYH-glycosylase mutations

Question 15

colorectal cancer

Answer 15

• turcot syndrome is associated with colorectal cancer

- earliest mutation in the development of colorectal cancer is the loss of APC

Question 16

gallbladder cancer

Answer 16

clonorchis

Question 17

gastric cancer

Answer 17

H.pylori. can contribute to cell transformation by increasing methylation of gene promoters for DNA repair gene.

Question 18

B-cell lymphoma

Answer 18

• EBV

- bloom syndrome have a likelihood of developing lymphoma

Question 19

Retinoblastoma cancer

Answer 19

• cancer of the retina

- RB

Question 20

carcinoid tumors

Answer 20

• chromogranin A