Cancer L11 - SP3 - Fill in the Blanks Only Flashcards

1
Q

Most common risk factors for breast cancer?

A

Age and gender.

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2
Q

Why is dense breast tissue a risk factor for breast cancer?

A

Because it’s more likely that tumours will go unnoticed on a mammogram.

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3
Q

Five types of breast cancer screening

A

Breast self-exam. Clinical exam. Mammography. MRI. Ultrasound. Duct lavage.

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4
Q

Is Stage 3 Breast Cancer common or rare?

A

Rare

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5
Q

Is Stage 3 Breast Cancer mild or aggressive?

A

Aggressive

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6
Q

What are the treatment goals of Stage 4 Breast Cancer?

A

Symptom relief.

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7
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies?

A

Researcher-designed antibodies that target cancer cells.

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8
Q

What are the principle risk for prostate cancer?

A

Being a man over the age of 65. Risk grows as men grow older. A family history of prostate cancer.

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9
Q

Is orchiectomy for prostate cancer common or not common?

A

Not common.

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10
Q

Active surveillance/watchful waiting is used for what types of prostate cancer?

A

Prostate cancers that are slow growing and slow to metastasize.

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11
Q

Side effects of chemotherapy for treatment of prostate cancer.

A

Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, hair loss, increased risk of infection.

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12
Q

Heavy smokers increase their risk of lung cancer by ___ and moderate smokers between ___ and ___.

A

Heavy smokers increase risk 20-fold. Moderate smokers between 5-fold to 10-fold.

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13
Q

Is it possible to develop lung cancer without any of the known risk factors?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is the prognosis for adenocarcinoma (type of broncheogenic carcinoma)?

A

It metastasizes early. So there is less than a 10% 5-year survival rate.

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15
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Removal of fluid between lungs and chest wall, in order to test the fluid for cancer cells.

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16
Q

Stage of lung cancer is based on…

A

Tumour size. Whether or not cancer is in any lymph nodes. Whether or not cancer has spread to other areas of the body.

17
Q

Sites where lung cancer can spread include…

A

Lymph nodes, adrenal glands, liver, bones and brain.

18
Q

When other types of cancers spread to the lungs, are they considered lung cancer?

A

No.

19
Q

Is an increased incidence rate always a bad thing?

A

No, it can just mean better diagnosis.