Cancer terms Flashcards
(18 cards)
define hyperplasia
increase in cell number due to a stimulus
what are some examples of hyperplasia
- oestrogen causing build up of uterus wall
- lymph nodes
- breast tissue in puberty
define hypertrophy
increase in cell size due to stimulus
what are some examples of hypertrophy
- Left ventricular hypertrophy eg from aortic stenosis or hypertension
what is HOCM
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- caused by hypertrophy
define atrophy
decrease in cell size/ and or number
what causes atrophy
occurs due to withdrawal of stimulus
what are some examples of atrophy
- bed bound muscle wastage
- getting a cast off and having muscle wastage
define metaplasia
REVERSIBLE change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type
what is an example of metaplasia
Barrett’s oesophagus
define neoplasia
new cell growth without stimulus
is neoplasia malignant or benign
either
- warts are benign
define dysplasia
disordered growth
define malignant
has capacity to spread
what is a ‘signet ring’ in terms of cancer
when cytoplasm pushes the nucleus to the edge of cell
- BAD NEWS
what type of asbestos is related to mesothelioma
Crocidolite
what is the cause of Lynch syndrome
mutation in mismatch repair genes (MMR genes)
What is Lynch syndrome
Hereditary syndrome which is NON-POLYPOSIS COLORECTAL CANCER
