Classification Flashcards
if I've missed anything tell me and I'll add it in
What are the 4 main types of cancer classification
- Epithelial
- Mesenchymal (connective tissue)
- Haematological
- Neuroectoderm (skin and gila)
which cancer category is most common
Epithelial
what are the different types of epithelial cells
- keratinising eg skin
- non-keratinising eg oesophagus
- glandular
- ciliated
- transitional epithelium eg bladder
what malignancy is seen in epithelial cells
carcinomas
who are mostly effected by carcinomas
older people, very very rare in children
how do carcinomas spread
- local growth
- AND blood and lymph to distal sites
why is testicular cancer an odd one out?
does not spread to inguinal nodes which supply the blood, it instead goes to para-aortic lymph nodes due to embryonical development
where do primary lung cancers spread to
bone, brain, liver, adrenal glands
where do GI cancers commonly spread to
liver
where does prostate cancer commonly spread to
anywhere
what malignancy is seen in mesenchymal cells
sarcomas
what are benign and malignant bone cells called
osteoma and osteogenic sarcoma
what are benign and malignant smooth muscle cells called
leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma
what are benign and malignant cartilage cells called
enchondroma and chondosarcoma
what are benign and malignant fat cells called
lipoma and liposarcoma
what are benign and malignant blood cells called
haemangioma and angiosarcoma
what are benign and malignant skeletal muscles called
Rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma
are mesenchymal cancers more or less common than epithelial cancers in children
more common, but still rare
what do sarcomas look like
spindle fibre appearance so very elongated tumours
how do you diagnose a sarcoma
GENETIC TESTING
how do sarcomas spread
only LOCAL invasion
what two cell types can be involved in haematological cancers
- myeloid (RBC’s, platelets, granulocytes)
- lymphoid (B cells, T cells)
what are lymphomas
tumour masses in lymph nodes
what is leukaemia
circulating malignant cells in blood
