Cancer Treatment: Surgery Flashcards
(13 cards)
1
Q
considerations before surgery
A
- patient factors (fitness, tolerability, choice)
- tumour factors (operability, biology, combination therapy)
- logistics (availability, centre-dependent, travel, alternatives, cost)
2
Q
what helps determine a pateints fitness for surgery
A
- clinical frailty score
- functional status
- trade off between minimising impacts of treatment while optimising efficacy of treatment
3
Q
pre-habilitation in surgery
A
- diet changes
- exercise regime
- psychological help
- optimising meds taken (poly-pharmacy antagonist)
4
Q
therapeutic surgery
A
- removal of lump from primary and/or secondary tumours
5
Q
diagnostic surgery
A
- obtaining biopsy
- used to diagnose, stage and identify tumour
6
Q
breast cancer staging based off surgery
A
- sentinel lymph node biopsy
- radioactive substance/dye injected into tumour
- probe can be used to detect nearby lymph node involvement
- tumour and lymph nodes then removed
7
Q
reconstruction after surgery
A
- breast cancer patients may feel they would like reconstructive surgery
- ie. implants, back LD flaps etc.
8
Q
prophylactic surgery
A
- preventing development of cancer in the future
- eg. BRCA 1/2 mutations and getting a mastectomy
8
Q
A
9
Q
palliative vs curative surgery
A
palliative- improving quality of life even when surgery cannot be full cure
- ie. removal of ulcerating breast tissue despite distant mets
curative- removal of all tumour cells
10
Q
evolution of breast cancer surgery
A
- 1st gen: breast and pectoral muscle removed
- 2nd gen: mastectomy
- 3rd gen: lumpectomy
- eventually: surgery may not be best option
10
Q
minimally invasive surgery
A
- keyhole/laproscopic
- robotic (used in prostate cancer)
- in and out same day
11
Q
future directions
A
- de-escalation of surgery
- better systemic treatments
- better surgical techniques
- patient selection and trails
