Incidence and Prevalence of Cancer Flashcards
(22 cards)
which cancers have the highest incidence and mortality worldwide
incidence: breast
mortality: lung
which cancers have the highest incidence and mortality for men worldwide
Lung
which cancers have the highest incidence and mortality for women worldwide
breast
What are the top three cancers for mortality in men
lung, liver and colorectal
what are the top three cancers for mortality on women
breast, lung, cervix uteri
top three cancers for incidence in men
lung, prostate, CRC
top three cancers for incidence in women
breast, lung, CRC
what is incidence
- number of people with a certain cancer in a given time
what is prevalence
- number of people with a previous diagnosis of cancer
- describes burden of disease
what is age standardised rate (ASR)
- takes into account differences in age structure of population
- useful in making geographical comparisons
- created using standard population
top three incidence for European males
prostate, lung, CRC
[liver not even top 10]
top three incidence in european females
breast, CRC, lung [same as worldwide]
top three incidence in asian males
lung, CRC, stomach
[prostate less common but liver, stomach and oesophagus more common]
top three incidence in asian females
breast, lung, thyroid
[followed by cervix uteri and CRC]
UK stats
breast, lung, prostate and CRC are >50% new diagnoses
preventable cancers
- 4 in 10
- 15% tobacco smoking
- 9% radiation/occupational exposure
- 6% obesity
- 5% diet
- 3% alcohol
- 72% lung cancers preventable
- 13% CRC is caused by processed meat consumption
Population attributable factor (PAR)
- estimate of reduction in cancer burden in the hypothetical situation that a risk factor is eradicated from a population
- assumes that a relative risk is >1 and not influenced by confounding factors
PAR = (prop exposed) x (RR-1) /
(propexposed) x (RR-1) + 1
cigarette smoking
> 60 carcinogens
identified as a carcinogen 1985
link established by doll 1952
drinking
- increases risk for both heavy and moderate drinkers
- strongly linked with oral and oesophageal cancer, weaker association with breast and colorectal
- 2016 recommended drinking levels 14 units/week
diet and lifestyle
- several cancers reduced by fruit and veg consumption
- red and processed meat consumption increases risk of CRC
- physical activity reduces risk of several cancers
future predictions
- 500000 by 2035
- increase in number of casessfor 4 most common cancers
5 cancers with highest %change per year
- thyroid
- liver
- oral
- kidney
- anus
