Candedmia

Question 1

Candidiasis

Answer 1

J

Question 2

primary or secondary mycotic disease caused by a
member of the genus Candida.

Answer 2

U

Question 3

clinical manifestations may be acute,
subacute or chronic.

Answer 3

H

Question 4

Involvement may be localized to the mouth, throat, skin,
vagina, fingers, nails, bronchii, lungs or the gastrointestinal tract, or become
systemic following candidemia.

Answer 4

K

Question 5

Occurrence

Answer 5

Y

Question 6

Part of naturally occurring microbial flora -skin, body orifices,
gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 6

H

Question 7

Mostly endogenous in origin

Question 8

Epidemiology

Answer 8

J

Question 9

The third most common pathogen isolated from blood in critically ill
patients.

Answer 9

K

Question 10

being the most common causative species.

Answer 10

H

Question 11

The major causative species are:

Answer 11

J

Question 12

Candida albicans (> 50%)

Answer 12

K

Question 13

parapsilosis

Answer 13

I

Question 14

dubliniensis

Answer 14

J

Question 15

tropicalis

Answer 15

J

Question 16

krusei

Answer 16

K

Question 17

glabrata

Answer 17

U

Question 18

auris

Answer 18

J

Question 19

emerging fungus that presents a serious global
health threat.

Answer 19

J

Question 20

Often multidrug-resistant yeast that can cause a wide spectrum of
infections.

Answer 20

J

Question 21

Issues related to detection methods

Answer 21

U

Question 22

Propensity to cause outbreaks in healthcare setting

Answer 22

U

Question 23

HOW TO IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AT RISK OF CANDIDEMIA ?

Answer 23

H

Question 24

ICU and Surgical patients

Answer 24

K

Question 25

Immunocompromised patients

Question 26

Central venous catheter

Answer 26

P

Question 27

Hematological malignancy

Answer 27

I

Question 28

TPN

Answer 28

*

Question 29

Solid organ transplantation

Answer 29

I

Question 30

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 30

L

Question 31

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Answer 31

N

Question 32

Acute Renal failure

Answer 32

O

Question 33

Chemotherapy

Answer 33

L

Question 34

Recent surgery

Answer 34

O

Question 35

Steroids

Answer 35

K

Question 36

GI perforation and leaks

Answer 36

O

Question 37

Prolonged Neutropenia

Answer 37

H

Question 38

Colonization by Candida spp.

Answer 38

J

Question 39

High APACHE score

Answer 39

B

Question 40

Risk factor Candida glabrata

Answer 40

I

Question 41

Candida parapsilosis RF

Answer 41

F

Question 42

Candida tropicalis RF

Answer 42

F

Question 43

Candida krusei RF

Answer 43

O

Question 44

Candida auris RF

Answer 44

J

Question 45

Elderly

Answer 45

G

Question 46

Malignancy & solid organ Tx

Answer 46

G

Question 47

Antifungal exposure

Answer 47

G

Question 48

TPN & CVC

Answer 48

T

Question 49

Nosocomial outbreak (biofilms) >children

Answer 49

G

Question 50

Hematological malignancies and neutropenia

Answer 50

G

Question 51

GI surgery

Answer 51

H

Question 52

Fluconazole exposure

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Immunosuppression

Answer 53

T

Question 54

Exposure to antifungal therapy

Answer 54

G

Question 55

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 55

G

Question 56

Nosocomial outbreak (biofilms)

Answer 56

T

Question 57

Vascular surgery

Answer 57

T

Question 58

Diagnoses of candidemia

Answer 58

D

Question 59

Blood culture

Answer 59

D

Question 60

Immunological Assays

Answer 60

D

Question 61

Nucleic acid amplification-based tests

Answer 61

D

Question 62

T2Candida

Answer 62

(

Question 63

glucan

Answer 63

F

Question 64

Mannan

Answer 64

F

Question 65

real-time PCR assays

Answer 65

D

Question 66

three to five hours

Answer 66

D

Question 67

detection of bloodstream infection caused by 5 candida species.

Answer 67

E

Question 68

The assay breaks yeast cells apart, releasing DNA; copies the target DNA; and detects the amplified DNA using magnetic resonance technology.

Answer 68

D

Question 69

Empirical treatment

Answer 69

E

Question 70

Preemptive treatment

Answer 70

D

Question 71

Definitive

Answer 71

F

Question 72

Prophylaxis

Answer 72

F

Question 73

defined as antibacterial treatment of patients who have persistent or recurrent fever.

Answer 73

F

Question 74

was defined as treatment of patients who have clinical, imaging, or galactomannan-antigen-assay evidence suggesting fungal disease

Answer 74

R

Question 75

treatment plan for a disease or disorder that has been chosen as the best one for a patient after all other choices have been considered of which there is supportive diagnostic and clinical results .

Answer 75

F

Question 76

treatment given or action taken to prevent disease.

Answer 76

F

Question 77

Candida score

Answer 77

S

Question 78

Severe sepsis

Answer 78

B

Question 79

Multifocal Candida

Answer 79

F

Question 80

Surgery

Answer 80

D

Question 81

2 point

Answer 81

V

Question 82

1 point

Answer 82

F

Question 83

candida score’ of > 3 was classed as a positive ‘candida score’ which should identify patients who would benefit from early antifungal treatment

Answer 83

F

Question 84

Classes of Antifungals

Answer 84

F

Question 85

Polyenes

Answer 85

E

Question 86

Azoles

Answer 86

C

Question 87

Echinocandins

Answer 87

R

Question 88

Amphotericin B

Answer 88

F

Question 89

Abelcet

Answer 89

G

Question 90

Ambisome

Answer 90

F

Question 91

Caspofungin

Answer 91

F

Question 92

Micafungin

Answer 92

F

Question 93

Anidulafungin

Answer 93

G

Question 94

bind with sterols in the fungal cell membrane, principally ergosterol. This causes the cell's contents to leak out and the cell dies. Animal cells contain cholesterol instead of ergosterol and so they are much less susceptible.

Answer 94

F

Question 95

Inhibit the enzyme cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase. This enzyme converts lanosterol to ergosterol and is required in fungal cell membrane synthesis.

Answer 95

I

Question 96

inhibit the synthesis of glucan in the cell wall, probably via the enzyme 1,3-β glucan synthase:

Answer 96

Y

Question 97

Guidelines for treatment IDSA

Answer 97

J

Question 98

Neutropenic

Answer 98

D

Question 99

Non Neutropenic

Answer 99

D

Question 100

Lipid formulation Amphotericin B

Answer 100

F

Question 101

Voriconazole

Answer 101

U

Question 102

mould

Answer 102

D

Question 103

Second choice

Answer 103

D

Question 104

Step down

Answer 104

D

Question 105

Third choice

Answer 105

D

Question 106

Loading dose 70 mg then 50 mg

Answer 106

V

Question 107

Loading dose 800 mg then 400 mg

Answer 107

C

Question 108

0.5-0.7 mg/kg/daily

Answer 108

V

Question 109

3-5 mg/kg

Answer 109

C

Question 110

Loading dose 400 followed by 200-300

Answer 110

D