Candidiasis Flashcards
(23 cards)
def of oral candidiasis
infection of oral tissues by yeasts (candida albicans)
what is the most common oral infection
oral candidiasis
who commonly gets oral candidiasis
infants and elderly
where are candida found
normal flora in the GI and GU tracts of humans
risk factors for candida
reduced salivation + poor dental hygeine
radiotherapy
diabetes
HIV
what sort of infection is candidiasis
an opportunistic mucosal infection alongside a disseminated and multi-system organ involvement
what is the most common cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis
candida albicans
what is generally more pathogenic in candida (yeast or hyphae)
hyphae
history
white/yellow plaques on the tongue
may present with cracks or ulcers in the corners of the mouth
examination
white/yellow plaques which are adherent to the tongue
cracks and ulcers which radiate from the angles of the mouth
what is the gold standard investigation for oral candidiasis
smear or lesion for microscopy which is positive for candida hyphae
def of systemic candidiasis
infection of blood with candida species
what is associated with systemic candidiasis
fever
hypotension
+/- leukocytosis
which sites are commonly affected by systemic candidiasis
eyes kidney liver spleen CNS
what candida is most common
candida albicans
who is systemic candidiasis common in
patients admitted to hospital with intravascular catheters or neutropenia
what is the only fungi which may present as normal flora in humans
candida species
what species of candida colonise the GI tract
c glabrata
c tropicalis
what species of candida colonise the skin and intravascular catheters
c parapsilosis
risk factors for systemic candidiasis
use of central venous catheter
broad-spectrum antibiotics (cause candida to overgrow)
immunosuppressants
history + examination of systemic candidiasis
features of sepsis fever (>38) tachycardia and tachypnoea hypotension confusion low urine output and oxygen saturation
investigations in systemic candidiasis
1 bloods
-culture (however a negative result does not rule out diagnosis)
-high WBC and low platelets are signs of sepsis
-high lactate
2 LFTs/RFTs
-high ALT, AST, alkphos, GGT, bilirubin
-creatinine twice normal
A 52-year-old woman with a history of Crohn’s disease developed fevers while receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 weeks. She underwent a small bowel resection followed by prolonged intravenous antibiotics for intra-abdominal abscess and fistulae. Examination reveals a temperature of 38.5°C (101°F), normal heart sounds without murmur, central venous catheter site without erythema or drainage, and no rash
Systemic candidiasis
