vulvar swelling and edema; increased estrogen - average is 9 days - DIAPEDESIS - attraction but no receptivity

- negative inotrope used to treat arrhythmias - atrial fibrillation

Canine Flashcards by Huma Valji

Which endocrine disease most likely causes myxedema?

hypothyroidism

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What causes the production and release of vasopressin?

controlled by serum osmolality and blood volume in a normal dog

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When would you expect to see a lobar sign?

-hemorrhage, edema or pus within the lobe

** two different opacities or creating a lobar sign**

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What do we commonly see with atelectasis?

Retracted lung lobes, may see some scalloping

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Can diabetes mellitus cause bilateral hyphema?

Results in bilateral cataracts within 6-12 months of diagnosis but should not cause hyphema

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cervical spondylopathy

slow progressive paralysis and ataxia of all 4 limbs –> ataxia is sporadic
UMN on all 4 limbs
neck pain on ventroflexion

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What is a viral cause of canine tracheobronchitis?

canine parainfluenza virus

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Proestrus in a dog

vulvar swelling and edema; increased estrogen

average is 9 days
DIAPEDESIS
attraction but no receptivity

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estrus in a dog

BEHAVIORAL RECEPTIVITY (~9 days)
-cornification of cells

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diestrus in dogs

LOTS of neutrophils

-57d if pregnant; 90d if non-pregnant

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What is the most potent inhalant anesthetic in a dog?

methoxyflurane

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How do you diagnose rabies?

direct fluorescent antibody test

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How do we diagnose demodex?

live in the hair follicle –> deep skin scrape

cannot do an acetate tape test

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How do we diagnose sarcoptes?

superficial skin scrape

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How do we diagnose Cheyletiella?

acetate tape test

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What do we see with estrogen toxicity in dogs?

thrombocytopenia
anemia
leukocytosis or leukopenia

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What do we see with brucellosis in dogs?

epididymitis, periorchitis, prostatitis
abortion in last trimester, stillbirths
uveitis, spondylitis

Dx: isolation and identification; serology

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What do we see with facial nerve damage in a TECA?

facial paralysis

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diltiazem

negative inotrope used to treat arrhythmias

- atrial fibrillation

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What drug do we use for atrial fibrillation in dogs?

digoxin

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How do we treat atrial standstill in dogs?

0.9% NaCl fluid IV

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What drugs do we use for HCM in dogs?

diltiazem

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What drugs do we use to treat severe pulmonary edema?

nitroglycerine and other nitrates

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What drugs do we use to treat pulmonary hypertension?

nitroprusside

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How does digoxin work?

- positive inotrope - improves contractility - tx for myocardial failure and most supraventricular arrhythmias

What are some classic signs of a distemper infection?

- fever - crusty eyes, nasal discharge, hyperkeratosis on nasal planum - lethargy, cough, diarrhea

sertoli cell tumors

non-pruritic progressive symmetric alopeica - hyperpigmentation - appears otherwise healthy; one testicle larger than the other

How many heat cycles do dogs have per year?

What is the interestrus period in dogs?

7 months

Advice for primary glaucoma

prophylactic treatment can delay glaucoma in the opposite eye by 30 months

Dog with a drooping right ear and lip, drooling and right eye ptosis. What nerve is damaged?

facial nerve

Can humans get coccidioides?

direct transmission from infected animals to humans is unlikely

Neosporosis

worsening weakness and paralysis - dysphagia, incontinence - rigid contracture and paresis in the forelimbs

GDV dog has an arrhythmia, how would you treat?

V-Tach. Lidocaine

What are 2 infectious causes of DCM?

1. Chagas myocarditis | 2. in-utero exposure of parvovirus

Treating DCM before onset of CHF

1. ACE inhibitors 2. pimobendan: if their is heart dilation * ***can prolong development of CHF 3. anti-arrhythmics (sotalol, mexiletine): if vent arrhythmias

Acute therapy of DCM after onset of CHF

1. oxygen 2. reduce stress 3. injectable furosemide, pimobendan

Chronic therapy of DCM after onset of CHF

1. oral furosemide 2. ACE inhibitors 3. pimobendan

What are 3 types of neoplasia that we see with pericardial effusion and what are their prognoses?

1. mesothelioma (poor) 2. hemangiosarcoma (poor) 3. chemodectoma (guarded)

What are 4 reasons for false negatives on a heartworm test?

1. low worm burden 2. all males 3. antigen-antibody complex formation 4. immature females

Treating pulmonary hypertension

1. oxygen 2. sildenafil 3. pimobendan

lab work abnormalities you see with endocarditis

- leukocytosis - anemia - thrombocytopenia - azotemia - proteinuria

Diagnosing endocarditis

- blood and urine cultures * ***Bartonella serology and PCR*** (fluorinated quinolone, doxycycline) IV ABX

Pearl for endocarditis

new murmur in systemically ill dog

What is the most common cause of CHF in dogs?

Left AV valve insufficiency (mitral valve)

Distemper

***catarrhal enteritis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies 1. resp and ocular signs - keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis 2. GI signs: vomiting, diarrhea 3. CNS signs: MYOCLONUS - seizures, ataxia, paresis DX:FAb of conjuctiva; paired CSF or serum titer

Distemper pearls

HIGHLY contagious via aerosol - viral shedding by 7th day, lasts 90 days - replicates in upper resp epithelium

DI: central vs nephrogenic--> dog with USG >1.030

Central DI

Pannus

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (immune-med) - bilat corneal presentation - begins lat or med at limbus and spreads to cornea

Drugs with lots of toxicities (two Ts)

1. Tetracycline | 2. TMS

Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction (EHBO)

GB drains into cystic duct --> CBD --> empties into duodenum -if bile salts cannot get into intestines, fat and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) cannot get through and incr in bacteria **incr in serum bilirubin

Adenovirus-1

- fever - lethargy - serous nasal discharge, ocular discharge, corneal opacity ("blue eyes") - coagulopathies

familial dermatomyositis

pentoxifylline

bufotoxin

- salivation - head shaking - pawing at the mouth - retching, vomiting

insecticides

- tremors - salivation - ataxia - seizures

How do you diagnose lepto?

serologic testing

Hepatozoonosis

CS: fever, depression, mucopurulent ocular discharge, bloody diarrhea, hyperesthesia Dx: ID gametocytes on peripheral blood smear in peripheral blood leukocytes Tx: pyrimethamin, clinda, and TMS

Nephrotic syndrome

1. edema 2. hypoalbuminemia 3. proteinuria 4. hypercholesterolemia

important causes of HYPOcalcemia in dogs and cats (3)

1. renal disease 2. eclampsia 3. phosphate enema

What do you see with renal cystadenomas or adenocarcinomas in GSDs ?

nodular dermatofibrosis

Canine Flashcards

(60 cards)