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NAVLE-HUMA > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

How do you diagnose Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

-morulae in neutrophils

CBC: neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
PCR assay

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2
Q

What structures should you feel on the left side during a rectal exam in a horse?

A
  1. nephrosplenic space
  2. kidney
  3. pelvic flexure
  4. small colon

SHOULD NOT FEEL CECUM ON LEFT SIDE

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3
Q

A miniature horse with a gas-filled colic.

A

small colon impaction

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4
Q

Potomac Horse Fever

A

Neorickettsia risticii

  • rivers/streams
  • high incidence of laminitis
  • sensitive to tetracycline
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5
Q

NSAID induced colitis

A

right dorsal colitis

-associated with hypoproteinemia

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6
Q

How many permanent teeth do horses have?

A

40-42

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7
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-Horses

A

Pigeon Fever

causes ulcerative lymphangitis

  • infection in lower limbs
  • chronic abscesses in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen
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8
Q

What are 3 causes of cervical ventroflexion?

A
  1. aggressive furosemide treatment
  2. aldosterone secreting adrenal tumor
  3. thiamine deficiency
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9
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in the

a. intestine
b. stomach

of the horse?

A

a. lymphosarcoma

b. squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

Buttress foot

A

extensor process disease

-secondary to excessive strain on the extensor processo f P3 resulting in periostitis

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11
Q

Club foot

A

secondary to contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint

  • steep wall
  • shortened toe
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12
Q

horse esophagus

A

cranial 2/3 is striated

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13
Q

What is the duration of a mare’s estrus?

A

6 days (5-7 days)

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14
Q

How long is a horse’s estrous cycle?

A

21 days

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15
Q

When is ovulation in a horse?

A

-1-2 days prior to the end of estrus

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16
Q

How long is diestrus in the horse?

A

14-16 days

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17
Q

The first ovulation in horses occurs —days after foaling

A

9-10 days

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18
Q

What does hairy vetch ingestion cause in horses?

A

systemic granulomatous disease

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19
Q

What does sorghum ingestion in horses cause?

A
  • myelomalacia of the lower spinal cord –> pelvic limb incoordination
  • urine dribbling
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20
Q

What does sudan grass intoxication?

A

myelomalacia of the spinal cord and neurological signs

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21
Q

What do we see with black locust toxicity in horses?

A
  • weakness and diarrhea
  • colic and constipation
  • irregular, rapid heart rate
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22
Q

African Horse Sickness

A

Orvibirus
CS: fever, resp signs, edema

Necropsy: pulmonary edema and hydropericardium

Differentials: anaplasmosis, piroplasmosis, equine viral arteritis, and equine infectious anemia

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23
Q

Gold standard dx for foal sepsis

A

blood culture

24
Q

How do you diagnose rhabdomyolysis?

A

muscle biopsy

25
What is gold standard dx for strangles?
bacterial culture of nasal exudate or nasal swab
26
Ionophore toxicity
- myoglobinuria, hypokalemia, arrhythmia - dyspnea, tachypnea - lethargy, stiffness cardiac muscle damage leading to CHF or DCM
27
Abortion with lepto
sporadic | -autolyzed icteric fetus
28
What do we see with EHV-1 abortion?
- abortion in the third trimester - resp disease - minimal autolysis, lung/liver lesions, intranuclear inclusion bodies
29
quittor
chronic infection of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx
30
fungal causes of abortion
- thickened placental | - minimal autolysis
31
What is the preferred treatment for Strangles?
procaine penicillin - drain and lavage abscess - BIOSECURITY ***bute, steroids Dx: PCR or culture
32
Equine Viral Arteritis
* *supra- or periorbital edema - fever, depression, anorexia, leukopenia, nasal discharge, resp distress; vasculitis - abortion, autolyzed fetuses Dx: PCR; paired titers take too long
33
Big 5 of anemia/edema: | PEEBA
1. Purpura 2. EVA 3. EIA 4. Babesia 5. Anaplasma
34
4 ways to prevent HyPP
1. low-potassium diet (avoid alfalfa, molasses) 2. regular exercise 3. frequent feedings 4. medications to increase renal potassium excretion: acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide
35
What are the 3 things that we see with recurrent episode of tying up in Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy?
1. muscle stiffness, fasciculations 2. firm muscles 3. myoglobinuria
36
What are 2 ways to prevent PSSM? How do you treat acute cases?
1. dietary: low starch and high fat diet 2. environmental: daily turnout or exercise Tx: do not move the horse; NSAIDs, Ace; +/- IV fluids
37
Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB)
**autosomal recessive foal born normal; seen at 4-5d CS: ulcer patches and erosions at pressure points; hooves may detach; oral ulcers ***affects melanocytes and intestinal ganglia
38
CEM: Taylorella equigenitalis
CONTAGIOUS - transmitted at mating or via unclean instruments - stallions show no signs of infection
39
What are the CS of CEM?
- large volume of vaginal discharge 10-14d after mating | - shortened estrus cycle
40
How do you treat CEM?
Thoroughly clean the penis or vagina with antiseptics and apply antibiotic ointment
41
villonodular synovitis
- lameness | - fetlock effusion
42
Herpes vs EPM
Herpes: XANTHOchromic EPM: neutrophilic pleocytosis
43
What causes enterocolitis in foals exposed to erythromycin? How do you treat it?
C. difficile C. perfringens metronidazole
44
cyathosomes
L3 ingested and migrate to intestinal walls of the cecum and colon - diarrhea and dehydration - hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia Tx: single oral dose of moxidectin
45
lead poisoning
dysphagia | roaring
46
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome
Dummy foals --> hypoxia
47
Equine Coital Exanthema
EHV-3
48
At what age should carpus valgus be surgically repaired?
Less than 4 months
49
Location for caudal epidural for a rectovaginal fistula
S5-Cd1
50
surgical treatment for stringhalt
lateral digital extensor tenectomy
51
DDXes for dropped elbow and inability to flex carpus in extension
1. ulna/olecranon fracture 2. radial nerve paralysis 3. humeral fracture
52
DDSP sx
laryngeal advancement (tie forward)
53
tx for contracture in young foal
high dose oxytet IV
54
Blister Beetle Toxicity (cantharidin)
-in alfalfa | CS: hematuria, dark MM, submerging the muzzle in water, frequent attempts to drink small amounts of water
55
thoroughpins
tarsus
56
bog spavin
tibiotarsal joint
57
windpuffs
fetlock

NAVLE-HUMA (10 decks)

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