Canine Anesthesia

Question 1

History; What is the concern with diuretics?

Answer 1

hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalance

Question 2

History; What is the concern with ACE inhibitors, Ca channel blockers, beta blockers?

Answer 2

unresponsive hypotension secondary to anesthetics

Question 3

History; What is the concern with anti-epileptics?

Answer 3

additive sedation

Question 4

History; What 2 systems should you look for signs of systemic disease?

Answer 4

cardiac & pulmonary

Question 5

History; blood transfusions in dogs

Answer 5

first transfusion, dog is “free”, no naturally occurring antibodies, antibodies develop 1 wk after first transfusion, so after first, must be crossmatched

Question 6

What is the problem w recovery for Sighthounds?

Answer 6

prolonger recovery w Thiobarbiturates, Propofol, Alfaxalone

Question 7

What is the problem w recovery for Boxers?

Answer 7

sensitivity to ACE

Question 8

What is the problem w recovery for Bachycephalic breeds?

Answer 8

airway syndrome –> monitor after premed, smaller tube than expected, preoxygenate, O2 until exubation

Question 9

What is the problem w recovery for small breeds?

Answer 9

tracheal collapse –> avoid excitement, logner ET tube to get to carina

Question 10

What is a common problem in Dobermans & Boxers?

Answer 10

Cardiomyopathy

Question 11

What is a common problem in Schnauzers?

Answer 11

Sick sinus syndrome

Question 12

What is a common CV problem in small breeds?

Answer 12

Mitral valve disease

Question 13

What is a common vagal problem in brachycephalic breeds & Dachshunds?

Answer 13

increased vagal tone

Question 14

What is needed for a general premed?

Answer 14

Opioid + Sedative

Question 15

Which mu agonist opioids are least likely to cause vomiting?

Answer 15

Fentanyl & Methadone

Question 16

When wouldn’t you want vomiting?

Answer 16

increased ICP, increased IOP, patient unable to protect airway

Question 17

What is a non-anestetic premed used as an H1 antihistamine?

Answer 17

Diphenhydramine

Question 18

What is a no-anesthetic premed used as an NK1 receptor antagonist?

Answer 18

Maropitant (Cerenia)

Question 19

Which sedative causes mild-moderate sedation and hypotension?

Answer 19

Acepromazine

Question 20

Which sedative causes marked sedation, hypertension, reflex bradycardia, decreased CO?

Answer 20

Dexdomitor

Question 21

Which sedative causes not much sedation in healthy patients, but has minimal CV & reps effects?

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines

Question 22

What premed / anesthesia should you use for an aggressive dog?

Answer 22

IM Ketamine, Telazol, or Alfaxalone WITH Alpha -2 agonist AND opioid

Question 23

What combination is dangerous for an aggressive dog?

Answer 23

Alpha 2 agonist W/O anesthetic drug

Question 24

Which premed should be used for patients w pre-existing high vagal tone & in puppies?

Answer 24

Anticholinergics

Question 25

What are the induction drugs?

Answer 25

``` Propofol Alfaxalone Ketamine + Benzo Etomidate Thiopental ```

Question 26

Which drug has a high therapeutic index?

Answer 26

Ketamine

Question 27

Why are dogs the easiest species to intubate?

Answer 27

mouths can open wide, large trachea

Question 28

What anatomical landmark should the ET tube go to?

Answer 28

thoracic inlet so can provide O2 to both lungs

Question 29

What are the inhalant anesthetics used for maintenance?

Answer 29

Iso | Sevo

Question 30

What are the injectable anesthetics that can be used for maintenance?

Answer 30

Propofol | Alfaxalone

Question 31

Which injectable drug should NOT be used for maintenance and why?

Answer 31

Etomidate bc causes adrenal suppression

Question 32

Which adjunct drugs are administered CRI for maintenance?

Answer 32

Opioids Lidocaine Ketamine Benzo

Question 33

What is the common IV fluid rate for dogs?

Answer 33

10 ml/kg/hr

Question 34

Which fluid should you use?

Answer 34

balanced, isotonic, crystalloid fluids

Question 35

Which drugs are used to treat hypotension in healthy dogs?

Answer 35

Dopamine Dobutamine Ephedrine

Question 36

Which drugs are used to treat hypotension in sick dogs?

Answer 36

Norepinephrine | Vasopressin

Question 37

What is very common in dogs undergoing anesthesia?

Answer 37

Regurg

Question 38

What are the 4 things to do if regurg occurs?

Answer 38

1. postural drainage while still anesthetized w nose down 2. swab / suction caudal oropharynx before extubation 3. keep cuff inflated or partially inflated for extubation 4. place in sternal recumbency

Question 39

What drugs would you give a patient w high risk of regurg, before surgery, to increase gastric pH?

Answer 39

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI): Omeprazole or Esomeprazole

Question 40

What drugs would you give to a patient w high risk of regurg to decrease incidence of gastroesophageal reflux?

Answer 40

Porkinetic drugs: Metoclopramide or Cisapride