Canine Breeding Management and Brucellosis

Question 1

Ovulation timing requires what 4 things?

Answer 1

Vaginal cytology, vaginal speculum or vaginoscopy exam, progesterone testing, and LH testing

Question 2

1. What is the action of GnRH?
2. What is the action of FSH??
3. What is the action of LH?
4. What is the action of Estrogen?
5. What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 2

1. causes release of FSH and LH
2. Stimulates preovulatory follicles
3. Causes ovulation
4. initiates proestrus
5. maintains preg

Question 3

Proestrus lasts ___-___ days and this is when ____ development occurs

Answer 3

7-9 days; follicular development

Question 4

When do estrogen levels peak?

Answer 4

Near the end of proestrus as the follicle matures

Question 5

estrogen is low with progesterone rising during what stage????

Answer 5

Estrus

Question 6

:.

Answer 6

:.

Question 7

Ovulation requires ___ hours to be capable of fertilization. Remain capable of fertilization for how long???

Answer 7

48 hours; for UP TO 4 days

Question 8

Diestrus- what are the levels of estrogen and progesterone at this time??

Answer 8

Increased progesterone to max level and then it plateaus.

Question 9

How long does diestrus last IF preg occurs?

Answer 9

Preg= 57 d

Question 10

_____ is a period of sexual quiescence followed by diestrus where the uterus is involuting and preparing for the next cycle. Minimal ovarian activities.

Answer 10

Anestrus

Question 11

Anestrus behavior will be similar to what? What will vaginal cytology show?

Answer 11

Behavior will be similar to that of a spayed female; vaginal cytology will show mostly parabasal and intermediate cells

Question 12

What are the levels of progesterone and estrogen during anestrus? How long does anestrus last?

Answer 12

Prog. and estrogen low; lasts 2-9 months but avg is 4-7 months bc they require AT LEAST four months for complete uterine involution.

Question 13

What are the two endocrine tests we can use for staging the estrous cycle?

Answer 13

Progesterone levels, LH levels

Question 14

Vaginal cells types include what four?

Answer 14

Parabasal, intermediate, nucleated superficial, anucleated superficial

Question 15

Characterize the cell type:

1. Parabasal
2. Intermediate
3. Nucleated superficial
4. Anucleated superficial

Answer 15

1. nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
2. start to see flat irreg. borders with smaller nucleus than before
3. nucleus is small and faint
4. no nucleus seen at all

Question 16

What do we expect to see during proestrus as far as vaginal cytology is concerned?

Answer 16

Mix to epith. cells and some parabasal or intermediate.

Question 17

Percentage of ____ cells increases as _____ progresses

Answer 17

Cornified; proestrus

Question 18

Cytology during estrus will show…..

Answer 18

All cells are cornified with nucleated superficial cells and anuclear superficial cells later on

Question 19

Vaginal cytology during diestrus will show….

Answer 19

Dramatic shift from cornified cells back to intermed. and parabasal cells. Lots of WBCs on days 1-2

Question 20

With vaginal cytology supporting the finding of diestrus, when do we expect the welping to occur?

Answer 20

57 days later

Question 21

Vaginal cytology of what stage is a good predictor of period of welping to occur?

Answer 21

Diestrus

Question 22

Predom. parabasal cells with few intermediates and very rare superficial cells seen on vaginal cytology tells us we are in what stage?

Answer 22

Anestrus

Question 23

Maximal crenulation (folding of the dried mucosa) is evidence of what?

Answer 23

Fertile period

Question 24

Impt Facts:

1. Proestrus avgs ___ days
2. Estrus avgs ___ days
3. LH surge triggers ____ in __ hrs

Answer 24

9;9; ovulation; 48 hours

Question 25

Bitch ovulates a primary follicle over a period of ___ hours, each undergoing meiosis which takes 48 hrs and then its capable of _____

Answer 25

36 hours; fertilization

Question 26

Eggs are fertilized in what anatomical structure ___-___ days after LH surge

Answer 26

Oviducts; 4-5 days

Question 27

LH surge--> 2 days--> _____---> 2 days---> ____ _____

Answer 27

Ovulation; fertile period

Question 28

P4 (progesterone) at level of 2.0 = ___ ____. Between 4-6 means= greater than 10 means=

Answer 28

2.0= LH surge 4-6=ovulation 10 or greater= fertile period

Question 29

____ can test for LH

Answer 29

Synbiotics (at home test, only tells + or -)

Question 30

When should we first start examining female for breeding management?

Answer 30

Around 5 days of the cycle and then 1-3 d after that (more cytology and hormone testing as ovulation approaches!!)

Question 31

Sperm longevity:

Answer 31

Fresh: 2-7 d Chilled: 1-3 d Frozen: 8-12 HOURS

Question 32

When do we use fresh or chilled semen? What about frozen semen?

Answer 32

Fresh or chilled prior to the egg becoming fertilized, frozen after egg is already fertilized

Question 33

Breeding bitch every day for up to 3 matings or until she is no longer receptive might ensure what?

Answer 33

Increased litter size by 1-2 pups, a single breeding should occur 1-2 d after ovulation with this method

Question 34

Vaginal insemination-- breed when?

Answer 34

1-2 d after ovulation, repeat in 2 days

Question 35

LH surge happens at P4 (progesterone) level of ____ and then 2 days later what happens? And two days after that?

Answer 35

2.0; ovulate; fertile window

Question 36

Canine Brucellosis is zoonotic and reportable and affects dogs. What is the route/mode of transmission?

Answer 36

Ingestion of the bacteria is most common, also via placenta tissue, vaginal discharge, mammary secretions. Also veneral trans. via AI and vertical transmission to babies via inf. milk

Question 37

Clinical signs of Brucellosis-->

Answer 37

Most common sign is infertility, most without clinical signs. Prolonged bacteremia with fever is impt feature***

Question 38

Reproductive issues assoc. with Brucellosis infection in the female and male-->

Answer 38

Female: Abortion late in gestation, early embryotic death, sero-positive vaginal discharge Male: Prostatitis, epidiymitis, scrotal dermatitis, testicular degeneration

Question 39

Diagnosis of Brucellosis includes....

Answer 39

Serology, rapid agglutination test (RCAT/RSAT), AGID, and culture

Question 40

If rapid agglutination test is positive (a very sens. but NOT specific test), then do AGID (more specific) to confirm. T/F

Answer 40

Truez!!

Question 41

Culture is not preferred to diag, brucellosis, why?

Answer 41

Very hard to grow, though this test is *Gold Standard*, it is very dangerous to lab personnel so it is rarely done.

Question 42

Tx of Brucellosis-->

Answer 42

Euth should always be considered. OHE/Castration, tx of choice is Baytril for 1 month. Can also do doxy + gentamicin + rifampin longer term (repeat q 3 weeks)

Question 43

Control of Brucellosis:

Answer 43

Quarantine kennels, cleaning, tx and eliminate all positives, test monthly until 3 neg tests in a row (because has 12 weeks of seroconversion***), test every 6-12 months for surveillance, house dogs apart for 2 months