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RUSVM Anatomy II > Canine Head > Flashcards

Canine Head Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four cartilages that make up the larynx?

A

Epiglottic cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

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2
Q

Which fold is located between the cuneiform process of the artyneoid cartilage and the epiglottic cartilage?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

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3
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Protect trachea against food aspiration
Air in breathing
Phonation

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4
Q

During swallowing the ___ is pulled cranially and the ___ is deflected caudally.

A

Larynx ; epiglottis

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5
Q

What closes during swallowing, inhibiting inspiration?

A

Glottis

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6
Q

During phonation exhaled air vibrates across the ____ to create sounds.

A

Vocal folds

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7
Q

True/False. In domestic animals the epiglottis normally sits dorsal to the soft palate but can move ventrally and in equid species its always normally placed dorsal to the soft palate.

A

True - this is why equid species are obligate nasal breathers!

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8
Q

Cats purr via a rapid widening and narrowing of the ____ through fast- twitch muscles.

A

Glottis

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9
Q

True/False. Laryngeal paralysis is more common the right side of small and large animals.

A

False. LEFT side is more common

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10
Q

Which is the only laryngeal muscle that is innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

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11
Q

Which is the only muscle whose function is to open the glottis?

A

Crycoarytenoideus dorsalis

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12
Q

Which is the only muscle that is responsible for opening the jaw?

A

Digastricus muscle

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13
Q

The thyroarytenoideus and cricoarytyenoideus dorsalis and lateralis are innervated by ____ nerve which is the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

A

Caudal laryngeal nerve

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14
Q

What occurs if there is laryngeal hemiplegia, damage to the caudal laryngeal nerve?

A
  • Lack of abduction of the arytenoid cartilage during inhalation
  • Glottal opening remains narrowed unilaterally
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15
Q

Delutition involved the transferring of foreign bodies from the ___ into the ____.

A

Oral cavity –> esophagus

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16
Q

What is the first phase of deglutition?

A

Voluntary: present food bolus to oropharynx for swallowing

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17
Q

What is the second involuntary phase of a swallowing reflex?

A

Bolus must be removed at the entrance to the larynx by swallowing or blowing it out of the oropharynx and out of the mouth

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18
Q

Where does the oropharynx lie?

A

Caudal part of the oral cavity caudal to the palatoglossal folds/arches

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19
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they do?

A
  • Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Hyoglossus

- Elevate the tongue towards the hard palate

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20
Q

What structure does the mandibular and sublingual ducts open through?

A

Sublingual caruncle

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21
Q

What are the hyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoideus
Geniohyoideus
Sternohyoideus
Thyrohyoideus

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22
Q

Which is the only bone that is seen from the hypoid apparatus?

A

Basihyoid bone

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23
Q

What are the three muscles that constrict the pharynx in the sequence of the most cranial to caudal?

A

Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

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24
Q

The horizontal ear canal is made of ___ cartilage and is adhered to the bony ____ of the temporal bone.

A

Auricular cartilage; External acoustic meatus

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25
What is aural hematoma?
Damage to blood vessels supplying the pinna
26
Cats have additional salivary galnds that lie in a small flap of the ____ adjacent to the lingual aspect of teeth 308 and 408.
Sublingual fold
27
Sialocele is a pocket of saliva caused by damage or blockage to a ___ duct.
Salivary duct
28
Which salivary duct is mainly affected in animals with sialocele?
Parotid salivary duct
29
When a dog blinks the sensroy nerves from the cornea sense the ___ sweeping over the globe.
Palpebrae
30
What does the corneal reflex contract, pulling the eye caudally within the orbit?
Retractor bulbi muscles
31
What helps to remove debris from the surface of the cornea and also distributes oily and aqueous parts of the tear film over the surface of the eye?
Third eyelid (nictitating membrane)
32
What makes up the bony framework of the head?
Skull and Hyoid apparatus
33
What are the three different skull shapes in the dog?
Brachycephalic Mesaticephalic Dolichocephalic
34
Which skull shape is defined as the facial length being shorter than the cranial length? a. Brachycephalic b. Mesaticephalic c. Dolichocephalic
Brachycephalic
35
Which skull shape is known to have a facial length greater than the cranial length? a. Brachycephalic b. Mesaticephalic c. Dolichocephalic
c. Dolichocephalic
36
Which skull shape is known to have a facial length that is equivalent to the cranial length? a. Brachycephalic b. Mesaticephalic c. Dolichocephalic
b. Mesaticephalic
37
Which structure is known to warm and moisten air as it enters the nasal cavity?
Nasal conchae
38
True/False. The esophagus is located ventral to the trachea.
False. Its dorsal to the trachea
39
Which muscles are located on the rostal aspect of the auricle and help to bring the ear forward?
Rostral auricular muscles
40
Which muscles assist in closing of the jaw?
Temporalis muscle Masseter Muscle Pterygoid muscles
41
What muscle protracts the tongue?
Genioglossus muscle
42
Which tongue muscle moves it side to side?
Styloglossus muscle
43
Which muscle pulls the tongue back?
Hyoglossus muscle
44
Which structure in the larynx is absent in cats and ruminants?
Laryngeal ventricle
45
What are the main compartments of the pharynx?
Laryngopharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Pharyngoesophageal limen
46
What is the important structure found within the nasopharynx that takes us to the middle ear?
Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
47
Where in the oropharynx is the palatine tonsil lcoated?
Under the semilunar fold
48
What is the rostral border of the oropharynx?
Palatoglossal arch
49
What is the caudal border of the oropharynx?
Palatopharyngeal arch
50
What is the thick connective tissue surround the eye adnexa within the orbit?
Periorbita
51
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Within the medial canthas of the eye
52
True/False. The Posterior compartment of the eye is between the iris and the lens.
False. The posterior CHAMBER
53
The ___ compartment contains the aqueous humor and the ___ compartment contains the vitreous body.
Anterior compartment ; Posterior compartment
54
Which of the following is considered to be only part of the visual retina? a. Optic part b. Iridic part c. Cilliary part d. Choroid part
a. Optic part
55
Where is the palatine tonsil?
Within the semilunar fold of the oropharynx
56
What is located on the inside of the mouth that is linked to the vomeronasal organ?
Incisive papilla
57
What is the name of the tongue attachment on the ventral aspect?
Frenulum
58
What is the function of the tongue papillae?
Protection Surface area Grooming
59
True/False. The tongue is made up of the genioglossus muscle.
True
60
Where do the parotid salivary duct and zygomatic salivary duct open into?
The last premolar or the first molar
61
What separates the pharynx into the nasal passage and the mouth?
The soft palate
62
What is the passage through the pharynx when you are breathing through the nasal passage?
Nasal passage --> Nasopharynx --> Epiglottis opens --> Larynx --> Trachea
63
What is the passage through the pharynx when swallowing food?
Mouth --> Tongue --> Oropharynx --> Epiglottis closes --> Laryngopharynx --> Esophagus
64
What is the rostral limit of the nasopharynx?
Choanae
65
What is the caudal border of the nasopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal arches and caudal border of soft palate
66
What is the rostral border and caudal border of the laryngopharynx?
Rostral: Palatopharyngeal arches Caudal: Pharyngoesophageal limen
67
What is the function of the larynx?
Protection against food aspiration Cough Phonation
68
What connects the tongue, larynx and skull together?
The hyoid apparatus
69
Which pharyngeal muscles constrict when swallowing?
Cricopharyngeus Thryopharyngeus Hyopharyngeus
70
What structures make up the glottis?
Vocal folds Arytenoid cartilages Rima glottidis
71
What muscle is responsible for tensing the vocal fold allowing for phonation?
Cricothyroideus muscle
72
What is the function of the thyroarytenoideus muscle?
Constricts the glottis
73
What are the different types of papillae that are found on the tongue of the dog?
Fungiform Filiform Conical Vallate
74
True/False. The external acousitc meatus is considered the vertical part of the ear canal.
False. Horizontal part
75
The shape of the pinna is dependent upon the composition of ____ cartilage.
Fibroelastic auricular cartilage
76
What is the name of the ear pouch where ticks like to hang out?
Cutaneous marginal pouch
77
Which cartilage serves as an attachment site for auricular muscles?
Scutiform cartilage
78
True/False. The bony orbit is complete in the dog.
False. Its only complete int he horse, ox and goat
79
What completes the bony orbit in the dog?
Orbital ligament
80
What does the non-visual retina cover?
The cilliary body and iris
81
True/False. The vitreous body is established during development and maintains intraocular pressure.
True
82
What is the result of an increased fluid and intraocular pressure?
Glaucoma
83
What is the muscle of facial expression that is located on the rostral surface of the dog?
Levator nasolabialis
84
Which muscle functions to return food from the vestibule to the occlusal surface of the teeth?
Buccinator muscle
85
What are the three cartilages of the external ear?
Auricular cartilage Annular cartilage Scutiform cartilage
86
Which cartilage of the external ear connects the cartilagenous meatus of the horizontal canal with the body external acoustic meatus?
Annular cartilage
87
What are the three tunics of the globe of the eye?
``` Tunica externa (fibrous tunic) Tunica media (vascular tunic, choroid) Tunica interna (retina) ```
88
What are the two regions that make up the fibrous tunic?
Cornea | Sclera
89
What are the three regions that make up the vascular tunic (uvea)?
Choroid Cilliary body Iris
90
What are the two regions of the internal tunic, or retina?
1. Visual or optic part covering the choroid | 2. Non - visual part covering the ciliary body and iris
91
What are the extrinsic muscles of the globe of the eye?
``` Rectus muscles (dorsal, lateral, ventral, medial) Oblique muscles (dorsal and ventral) Retractor bulbi muscle ```
92
What are the extrinsic muscles of the eyelids (palpebrae)?
Levator palpebrae superioris | Orbicularis oculi
93
What is the landmark for the mandibular salivary gland?
Between the maxillary and linguofacial veins
94
What are the landmarks for the parotid salivary gland?
Between the mandibular gland and the ear
95
What is the landmark for the zygomatic salivary gland?
Medial to the zygomatic bone between the eyeball and the pterygoid muscle
96
Is the lacrimal gland located on the lateral or medial side of the orbital ligament within the periorbita?
Medial
97
An external sagittal crest is least likely to be found in which of the following skull shapes? a. Dolicocephalic b. Mesocephalic c. Mesaticephalic d. Brachycephalic
d. Brachycephalic
98
This muscle along with the tongue helps to push food to the occlusive surfaces of the teeth while chewing. a. Temporalis muscle b. Masseter muscle c. Buccinator muscle d. Pterygoid muscle
c. Buccinator muscle

RUSVM Anatomy II (10 decks)

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