Canine Hip Dysplasia and Total Hip Replacement: Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Outcomes Flashcards
(14 cards)
What can complicate congenital hip dysplasia?
Rapid weight gain and growth can complicate it.
Main cause of hip dysplacement/dysplasia
subluxation cause it causes micro fractures and contributes to joint degeneration
why does hip dysplasia hurt?
microfractures
soft tissue stretching
arthritis (hip dysplasia causes osteoarthritis)
Use NSAIDs and prevent excessive running and jumping.
explain norberg angle
The Norberg angle is a key radiographic measurement used to assess canine hip dysplasia. Helps grade the severity of hip dysplasia.
explain distraction stress radiography
Distraction stress radiography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to assess the stability and integrity of ligaments and joints.
Based on your distraction index calculated, you can even perform prophylactic surgery if its too high and the individual (4 months old) is at risk of developing hip dysplasia.
Clinical signs of canine hip dysplasia.
lameness
“Bunny hopping” gait (both back legs move together when running)
Reluctance to play, run, jump, or climb stairs
swaying or waddling while walking
Clicking sound from the hip while walking
hip on hip extension
positive ortolani sign (but might not be present in older dogs with chronic disease!)
what is the ortolani sign
The Ortolani sign in dogs is a clinical test used to detect hip joint laxity, which is often associated with canine hip dysplasia (CHD).
It’s a way for veterinarians to assess how loose the hip joint is by checking for abnormal movement of the femoral head (top of the thigh bone) in the hip socket.
what is the bardens manouver in dogs?
is a clinical test used to assess hip laxity in dogs, which can help diagnose canine hip dysplasia.
radiographic signs of normal hips
femoral head and acetabular margin congruency
at least 50% of the femoral head should be covered by acetabulum.
* the intersection of the physeal scar with dorsal acetabular rim defines the amount of femmoral head under the rim.
radiographic signs of dysplastic hips
femoral and acetabular remodelling
osteophytes
arthrosis/osteoarthritis (same thing)
joint incongruency
increased sclerotic bone
etc.
if the ball sits away from the socket, then you have incongruency and dysplasia.
explain juvenile pubic symphysiodesis
a minimally invasive, prophylactic surgery used to improve hip joint conformation in young puppies at risk for canine hip dysplasia (CHD).
JPS involves thermally closing (using electrocautery or laser) the pubic symphysis, a growth plate in the pelvis. By halting growth at this central point while the rest of the pelvis continues to develop, the acetabula (hip sockets) rotate dorsally, increasing the coverage of the femoral heads and stabilizing the hip joint.
Ideal at 12–16 weeks old (some extend to 20 weeks max).
After this window, the pubic symphysis begins to close naturally, reducing the effectiveness of the surgery.
femoral neck lengthening in dogs
a surgical procedure used to correct developmental deformities like hip dysplasia or coxa vara, especially in young dogs.
It aims to restore proper hip joint alignment and function by increasing the length of the femoral neck, often using osteotomy, bone grafts, and internal fixation.
This can improve gait, reduce pain, and enhance joint stability. It’s considered when the femoral neck is abnormally short or malformed, but carries risks like implant failure, infection, or nonunion.
Coxa vara is a condition where the angle between the head and shaft of the femur (thigh bone) is abnormally reduced, usually less than the normal 130–135 degrees. This results in a shortened femoral neck and may lead to hip joint instability, pain, and difficulty moving. It can be congenital (present at birth) or develop due to injury or disease.
pelvic osteotomy, double and triple
Pelvic osteotomy in dogs, including double and triple pelvic osteotomy (DPO/TPO), are surgical procedures used to treat hip dysplasia in young dogs with still-functioning hip joints.
In double pelvic osteotomy, two cuts are made in the pelvis to rotate the acetabulum (hip socket) and improve joint coverage of the femoral head.
Triple pelvic osteotomy involves three cuts to allow for a more comprehensive adjustment, optimizing the alignment of the hip joint.
Both procedures aim to reduce pain, improve joint stability, and delay the need for hip replacement surgery. These techniques are generally recommended for dogs under 10–12 months old with minimal or no arthritis.
intertrochanteric varus osteotomy of the femur
Intertrochanteric varus osteotomy (IVO) of the femur in dogs is a surgical procedure used to treat hip dysplasia by correcting abnormal femoral alignment.
During IVO, a cut is made across the femur, and the femoral head and neck are rotated medially (inward) to reduce the angle between the femoral shaft and neck, improving the fit of the hip joint.
This procedure is typically performed in young dogs with hip dysplasia or other developmental deformities to restore joint stability, alleviate pain, and prevent further degeneration. It’s especially useful for dogs with hip subluxation or mild to moderate dysplasia, often as an alternative to total hip replacement.
