Canine nutritional management

Question 1

what is the goal of preventative nutrition

Answer 1

1. enables long and relatively disease free life

Question 2

what can nutritional needs be affected by (3)

Answer 2

1. genetics
2. age/lifestyle
3. anatomical differences

Question 3

describe high quality foods (5)

Answer 3

1. nutritionally adequate
2. has sufficient energy for the particular animal
3. fixed formula
   4.acceptable (the animal will eat it)
4. digestible

Question 4

what are the 2 types of feeding regimes?

Answer 4

1. meal feeding
2. free choice (simplest method)

Question 5

describe meal feeding

Answer 5

• set amount of food
• given at set time(s)
• food is usually left down for a set amount of time

Question 6

what feeding regime most often cause problems?

Answer 6

free choice
- monitor for weight gain

Question 7

canine ancestor eating behaviors (3)

Answer 7

• gorge
• rapid eating (feeding alone may help)
• hording

Question 8

what factors affect the behavior animals have around food?

Answer 8

• way they are fed (bowl vs hunting)
• how they eat
• food availability

Question 9

dynamics of group eating

Answer 9

• may form a hierarchy
• resource guarding
• correlation between appetite aggression and dominance status

Question 10

an overweigh bitch may have

Answer 10

large fetus, whelping problems

Question 11

an underweight bitch may have

Answer 11

issues meeting the demands of the fetuses

Question 12

once bred a bitch should switch to a ________

Answer 12

growth or reproduction diet formula
(need to be high quality and balanced)

Question 13

difference between growth diet and maintenance diet

Answer 13

growth has:
- more energy
- more protein
- more of certain minerals

Question 14

increase the bitches food during the __________

Answer 14

last trimester (4-5th week)
(only if bred at ideal weight)

Question 15

by whelping the mom should be getting _________ ________maintenance, divided into ______________

Answer 15

about 25-50% more
several small meals

Question 16

during the first few weeks what do puppies consume?

Answer 16

only milk

Question 17

if the food is not reduced gradually during the later part of lactation, what does it increase the risk of?

Answer 17

mastitis

Question 18

what is MOST critical for new born puppies?

Answer 18

colostrum

Question 19

puppies can only absorb the benefits of colostrum within the __________

Answer 19

first 24h after birth

Question 20

colostrum is fairly low in _________ and ___________

Answer 20

fat
protein

Question 21

what 3 components of milk increase with age?

Answer 21

fat
protein
iron

Question 22

puppies should gain ___________________ for the first month

Answer 22

1-2g / day / pound of anticipated weight

Question 23

by what week is milk generally not enough?

Answer 23

4w

Question 24

puppies should be fed a ______________ food

Answer 24

very high quality growth food

Question 25

at what age can puppies eat dry food?

Answer 25

6w

Question 26

at what age are puppies weaned?

Answer 26

6-8w

Question 27

what problems may develop if puppies are not fed well?

Answer 27

musculoskeletal problems due to mal development

Question 28

fat cells during the rapid growth phase

Answer 28

are increasing in both size and number (you can never decrease the number)

Question 29

puppies need ________% DM protein

Answer 29

25-30%

Question 30

puppies need no less than _____% Ca

Answer 30

1.25% Ca

Question 31

warm milk replacer to

Answer 31

38C

Question 32

1st 3w puppies need ______ kcal /kg / day after 4w they need _____ kcal / kg / day

Answer 32

130-150 kcal / kg / day 200-220 Kcal / kg /day

Question 33

what are 2 methods to feed an orphaned puppy

Answer 33

nursing bottle feeding tube

Question 34

when are they considered an adult?

Answer 34

when they are at 90% of their expected adult weight

Question 35

adult dogs are on maintenance diets unless:

Answer 35

- pregnant - working - stressed

Question 36

describe the adult maintenance diet

Answer 36

- nutritionally balanced - less protein and energy than growth diet - 130kcal / kg / day - protein is 15-20%DM

Question 37

what feeding regime is recommended for dogs?

Answer 37

meal feeding (1-2 times a day, small dogs may need more smaller meals due to smaller stomach)

Question 38

what are the 3 types of adult maintenance foods?

Answer 38

- dry - semi moist - canned

Question 39

benefits of dry food:

Answer 39

- economical - better for teeth - less mess - better breath - jaw muscle exercise

Question 40

benefits of canned food:

Answer 40

- energy dense therefore less bulky

Question 41

a diet change should take ____ - ____ days minimum

Answer 41

7-10 start 75% old

Question 42

working / stressed dogs need _________ ___________

Answer 42

more energy

Question 43

amount fed to working dogs will vary with the _____________ and ___________ of the work

Answer 43

duration intensity

Question 44

working dogs food is ____ - ____% ______

Answer 44

80 - 90% fat

Question 45

what is the best way to determine if a pet is geriatric?

Answer 45

diagnostics

Question 46

when a pet is geriatric _____ energy by ________

Answer 46

decrease 20%

Question 47

geriatric patients need less energy because:

Answer 47

- they are less active - decreased metabolic rate

Question 48

why might a geriatric dog need more protein?

Answer 48

- has decreased protein stores - decreased ability to break down protein and excrete it efficiently

Question 49

in a geriatric patient what should you decrease (3)?

Answer 49

- fat - mineral P and Na because they cannot metabolize or excrete them

Question 50

what physical changes occur in geriatric patients that affects metabolism and elimination

Answer 50

GI and kidney changes

Question 51

geriatric urinate more and therefore need more _____ _________ __________

Answer 51

water soluble vitamins

Question 52

RER

Answer 52

resting energy requirement

Question 53

MER

Answer 53

maintenance energy requirement