nutrients

Question 1

what arevthe 6 nutrients

Answer 1

• lipids
• proteins
• carbs
• vitamins
• minerals
• water

Question 2

what are the energy-producing nutrients

Answer 2

• lipids
• proteins
• card

Question 3

what are the 5 functions of water

Answer 3

• transport medium
• chemical reaction
• lubrication
• sound transmission
• temperature regulation (sweating, panting)

Question 4

sources of water:

Answer 4

• drinking
• food
• metabolic reactions

Question 5

amount of energy needed is related to:

Answer 5

• an animals metabolism
• body surface
• stress/illness

Question 6

gross energy

Answer 6

the amount of energy used by an animal

• some can be lost in the feces, urine

Question 7

6 factors that affect efficiency of energy use:

Answer 7

• water content
• digestability
• parasites
• production (pregnant)
• animals size
• environmental temperature

Question 8

4 components of a protein molecule

Answer 8

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
NITROGEN (distinguishing factor)

Question 9

main function of protein

Answer 9

structure

Question 10

proteins are an important component of:

Answer 10

• enzymes
• hormones
• antibodies
• albumin
• globulin

Question 11

what is the basic unit of a protein

Answer 11

amino acid

Question 12

what are the 2 groups of amino acids

Answer 12

essential
non essential

Question 13

biological value

Answer 13

• signals its usefulness
• indicating the amount of essential fatty acids in a food

Question 14

arginine deficiency

Answer 14

leads to a build-up of ammonia

Question 15

what is the most concentrated source of energy?

Answer 15

fat

Question 16

what are the 2 groups of fats and how are they categorized?

Answer 16

by their state at room temperature
- oils
- lipids

Question 17

The major function of fat:

Answer 17

energy storage
insulation
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
muscle contraction
gastric secretions
skin health

Question 18

3 essential fatty acids

Answer 18

• linoleic (vegetables)
• arachidonic (animal fats)
• linolenic (can be synthesized)

Question 19

increased fat can lead to (2)

Answer 19

• fatty stool (steatorrhoea)
• pancreatitis

Question 20

fatty acid deficiency most often presents itself as:

Answer 20

hair and coat problems

Question 21

pansteatitis

Answer 21

aka yellow fat disease
- too much fat, not enough antioxidants

Question 22

fatty liver disease

Answer 22

• not enough protein or carbs so cats start to digest fat cells.
• the large amount of fat cells brought to the liver begins to oxidize and becomes toxic to the liver cells

Question 23

maldigestion

Answer 23

• nutrients passing through the digestive tract undigested
• lack of digestive enzymes or inability to use the digestive enzymes

Question 24

malabsorption

Answer 24

• the nutrients are broken down BUT the intestine cannot absorb the nutrients

Question 25

diabetes Mellitus

Answer 25

DOG - lack of insulin - type 1 CATS - still produce insulin but have a decreased sensitivity to it - type 2

Question 26

ketosis

Answer 26

- increase in ketone production - can be detected in the blood urine and milk - common after calving