CANS study set Flashcards by Mckenna Garcia

two major parts of the CNS

spinal cord and brain

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They are covered by _______

meninges

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The three meninges are and what fluid fills the space between the middle and inner layers

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

CSF

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4 major lobes

temporal
parietal
occipital
frontal

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VIII enters CANS at the junction of the _______ and ______

medulla and pons

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CNS main nerve cell type is

multipolar

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VIII th crainial nerve is

bipolar

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List the major ascending pathway’s

(primary auditory pathways)

Cochlear nuclei
superior olivary complex
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate body
primary auditory cortex

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What are the three divisions of cochlear nuclei

DCN
AVCN
PVCN

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SOC receives _______ information crucial for _______ _______ and is the mediation site for the ______ _______

bilateral
sound localization
acoustic reflex

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What are the three nuclei of the SOC

LSO
MSO
MNTB

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In the LSO cells are ______ by _________ ear stimulation and _______ by _________ ear stimulation

excited by ipsilateral
inhibited by contralateral

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The LSO axons mostly cross ________ to ________ ______ ______

midline to contralateral IC

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LSO cells respond to ______ frequency for interaural intensity differences

high

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MSO has _____ frequency differences

low

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MSO axons go through the LL to the ________ IC

ipsilateral

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MSO sends projections to ______ ______ of _______ and _______ nerves

motor nuclei
facial and trigeminal

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MNTB serves as a relay from _________ _______ ________ ______ ______ to the _________ ______ ______ _______

contralateral AVCN to the ipsilateral LSO

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IC is the main receiver for the _________ path from the _____ _____ _____

ascending
SOC

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The IC receives ______ ______ from the DCN

direct afferents

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IC plays an ______ _______ role in __________, _______ ______ _____, ______ _______

auditory reflexive role
Startle, head turning reflex and auditory attention

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IC projections go to ___________ MGB

ipsilateral

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the MGB has 3 divisions _______, ________, _______, and is located in the ________

Dorsal
Medial
Ventral
thalamus

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PAC is located on the ________ ______ of the _______ _____ _______ AKA ______ ______

superior surface
superior temporal gyrus
AKA heschl’s gyrus

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behavioral studies indicate AC is implicated in __________ _________, and _________

frequency discrimination tasks sound pattern identification discrimination

CAP information is carries from the _______ through several ______ ______, which analyze and process the _________, _______, and _______ aspects of the sound

cochlea several relay centers temporal spectral positional

In each nucleus LF are represented _____ and ______ and HF are represented _______ and ______

anteriorly and ventrally posterior and dorsal

Anterior branch to the AVCN is responsible for the _______ _______ ______ ______ which runs in the ______ _______ stria

ventral binaural sound LOCALIZATION stream (path) ventral acoustic

the posterior branch to the PVCN is responsible for ______ _______ _______ _______

dorsal sound IDENTIFICATION path

the branch to the DCN is involved in both _______ ________ and _______ _______

sound identification and vertical localization

The ventral stream goes through the _______ _____ on the ventral surface of the ________ with its axons projecting mainly on the ______ _______ ______ ______

trapezoid body ventral surface of the brainstem superior olivary complex nuclei

the dorsal stream projects to the ________ nuclei of the _______ ______ and ______ _______ which are involved mainly in the complex analysis of auditory stimulation

contralateral LL IC

cells may also have _________ and ________ inputs

excitatory and inhibitory

the AVCN has mainly ________ and _________ ______ cells

spherical and globular bushy cells

spherical bushy cells are crucial in representing _______ information

timing

Globular bushy cells have a ______ number of ______, so they tend to fire at _______ ______

large inputs stimulus onset

______ cells respond to a wide ______ range and have a strong ________ ______. which provides information about ________ _________ in complex stimuli such as speech

octopus cells frequency onset response temporal fluctuations

______ cells fire repeatedly at rates unrealted to stimulus phase, and are known as ______ cells

stellate chopper

______ cells receive inputs from ______ nerve fibers and _________

fusiform (pyramidal) VIII interneurons

Three major nuclei associated with hearing in the SOC

LSO MSO MNTB

LSO ______ at the 2 ears are compared

intensities

MSO ____ at the 2 ears is compared

timing

LSO receives ______ _____ input from the ipsilateral ______ _____ _____ ______ and _______ input from the adjacent MNTB from cells in the contralateral AVCN

direct excitatory AVCN inhibitory

MSO most cells are _ _

LSO also sends projections to the ______ nuclei of the ______ and ______ nerves involved in _______ reflex

motor facial and trigeminal nerves acoustic

Acoustic reflex involves contraction of the ______ in response to sounds of approximately ______ dB SPL

stapedius 85

the stapedius is attaches _____ to the neck of the stapes and is innervated by a branch of the _______ nerve

posteriorly VII

tensor tympani has a small contribution in humans but it is innervated by nerve ____

the LL tract contains fibers from the ________ CN and the ______ SOC as they travel to the IC (midbrain) although some will bypass altogether it also contains ________ fibers

contralateral ipsilateral descending

The LL contains two major nuclei

Ventral (VNLL) Dorsal (DNLL)

VNLL is concerned with _______ sound ________

monaural identification

DNLL is concerned with ______ sound _______

binaural localization

the IC integrates sound ________ and sound ______

identification localization

What are the three nuclei of the IC which one is the main auditory input?

Central (ICC) external (lateral) cortex Dorsal cortex Central

the lemniscal path is _________ organized and responsive to the features of _______

tonotopically sound

the non-lemniscal path integrates the _______ and _______-______ inputs

auditory non-auditory

the central nucleus of the IC is concerned with ______ _______ but also with _______ _______

spatial analysis temporal processing

the external and dornal nuclei of the IC are not firmly establsihed but they are involved in _______ _____ responses to ______ and the dorsal nucleus is likely involved in ________ sound __________

spatial reflex sound vertical sound localization

the MGB is the last relay in the ascending path before the cortex it receives ______ from the _____ and projects to the ________cortex

afferents IC auditory

The MGB has three divisions _____, _____, and ______. the main specific auditory one is ______

dorsal medial ventral being the main division

the MGB contributes greatly to sound __________ and to ______ level sound analysis

localization higher

studies with MGB lesions are limited but suggest that contralateral ear effects will be seen on _______ listening tasks

dichotic

AC is located on the _________ surface of the ______ _______ _______ knows as _______ gyrus seep within the ______ ______ (______ fissure)

superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus known as heschls gyrus lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)

the AC receives inputs from the ________ division of the MGB running through the _________ capsule its surrounded by the _____ and ______ areas, which receive inputs from the ________-_____ areas (medial and dorsal divisions) of the MGB

ventral internal belt parabelt non-lemniscal

the _______ capsule is critical to ______ ______ ______

internal central auditory processing

AC the what information heads _______ while the what and where information heads _______

anteriorly posteriorly

the cortex has ___ layers the ___ layer doesn't have _____ neurons

6 1 auditory

the cortex includes ______, _______, _______ cells

pyramidal, fusiform, stellate

neurons in the AC have a variety of responses in terms of ______, ______ ______, _______, and ______ __ ______

tuning timing intensity coding location of source

the insula is part of the ______ ______ that is deep within the _______ sulcus it connects both the ______ ______ and _________ areas

cerebral cortex primary auditory association

the insula is involved in a variety of auditory activities including _________ _______, _______ ______, and ________-_______ integration

temporal processing speech processing auditory-visual

the CC is a ______ _____ tract connecting the ______ ______ _____

large fiber two cerebral hemispheres

the fibers in the CC are _______-

myelinated, which means the structure continues to develop in childhood

the CC has both _______ and _______ fiber types

homolateral and heterolateral

most of the auditory fibers cross in a section know as the ____

sulcus

APD Difficulties?

localization lateralization temporal processing speech recognition in noise recognition of degraded speech dichotic listening

CANS study set Flashcards

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