Capítulo 8 - Paso 1 Gramática

Question 1

se impersonal (generalizations for people, one, we, you, etc.)

Answer 1

se + él form of the verb + an adverb/infinitve/phrase

Question 2

se pasivo (generalizations without indicating who does it)

Answer 2

1. se + él form of verb + singular noun

2. se + ellos form of verb + plural noun

Question 3

How do we create generalizations with reflexive verbs? (there are three ways)

Answer 3

1. uno + él form of the reflexive verb: “En Venezuela, uno se levanta temprano normalmente.”
2. ellos form of the reflexive verb: “En Venezuela, se levantan temprano normalmente.”
3. se acostumbra + reflexive infinitive: “En Venezuela, se acostumbra levantarse temprano.”

Question 4

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En astronomía, (observar / pedir) _______ los planetas.

Answer 4

se observan (se pasivo)

Question 5

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En inglés, (dar / leer) _______ la literatura de varios países.

Answer 5

se lee (se pasivo)

Question 6

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En psicología, (hablar / lavar) _____ de las teorías de Freud y Pavlov.

Answer 6

se habla (se impersonal)

Question 7

What is the general rule for -ar verbs in the present tense?

Answer 7

o, as, a, amos, an

Question 8

What is the general rule for -er and -ir verbs in the present tense?

Answer 8

• er: o, es, e, emos, en

- ir: o, es, e, imos, en

Question 9

What 10 verbs are o –> ue in the present tense (not in the nosotros form)?

Answer 9

1. dormir
2. morir
3. poder
4. volver
5. soñar
6. jugar
7. almorzar
8. encontrar
9. llover - always to llueve
10. costar - always to cuesta or cuestan

Question 10

What 10 verbs are o –> ue in the present tense (not in the nosotros form)?

Answer 10

1. dormir
2. morir
3. poder
4. volver
5. soñar
6. jugar
7. almorzar
8. encontrar
9. llover - always to llueve
10. costar - always to cuesta or cuestan

Question 11

What 8 verbs are e –> ie in the present tense (besides the nosotros form)?

Answer 11

1. perder - to lose
2. entender
3. comenzar - to begin
4. pensar
5. mentir
6. preferir
7. querer
8. tener (tengo is the exception)

Question 12

What 4 verbs are e –> i in the present tense (besides nosotros)?

Answer 12

1. competir
2. pedir
3. servir
4. sonreír - to smile (reír - to laugh)

Question 13

What 4 verbs are -go in the yo form in the present tense (otherwise normal)?

Answer 13

1. salir - to go out, to leave
2. traer (traigo)
3. hacer
4. poner

Question 14

What 4 verbs are special -go verb stem changers in the present tense?

Answer 14

1. decir - digo/then e–>i
2. venir - vengo/then e–>ie
3. seguir - sigo/then e–>i
4. oír - oigo/oyes/oye/oímos/oyen

Question 15

What is the special rule with verbs ending in -cir or -cer in the present tense?

Answer 15

-zco in the yo (conduzco and conozco)

Question 16

What is special about dar in the present tense?

Answer 16

doy
das
da
damos
dan

Question 17

What is special about saber in the present tense?

Answer 17

sé
sabes
sabe
sabemos
saben

Question 18

What are the 2 o –> ue reflexive verbs in the present tense?

Answer 18

1. acostarse - to go to bed

2. dormirse - to fall asleep

Question 19

What are the 3 e –> ie reflexive verbs in the present tense?

Answer 19

1. despertarse - to wake up
2. divertirse
3. sentarse

Question 20

What is the 1 e –> i reflexive verb in the present tense?

Answer 20

vestirse

Question 21

What are the 4 reflexive verbs that are normal in the present tense?

Answer 21

1. lavarse
2. bañarse
3. peinarse
4. ponerse - me pongo in the yo (*exception)

Question 22

What is the general rule for preterite -ar verbs?

Answer 22

é
aste
ó
amos
aron

Question 23

What is the general rule for preterite -er and -ir verbs?

Answer 23

í
iste
ió
imos
ieron

Question 24

What is the general rule for preterite -car, -gar, -zar verbs

Answer 24

-CAR needs a “QU”
and for -GAR add a “U”,
-ZAR goes to “C”
and it’s only for me (yo form)!

Question 25

What is the general rule for the preterite tense of leer and oír?

Answer 25

``` í íste yó ímos yeron ```

Question 26

How do we know if a verb in the preterite tense is a stem-changer?

Answer 26

If an -ir verb stem changes in the present tense, it also stem changes in the preterite tense. No need to worry about -er or -ar verbs (unless it's irregular) Also, only e-->i and o-->u, no ie and ue!

Question 27

What are the two irregular verbs in the preterite that are the same and what are their conjugations?

Answer 27

``` ir / ser fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron ```

Question 28

What are the group 1 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

Answer 28

``` ver / dar vi / di viste / diste vio / dio vimos / dimos vieron / dieron ```

Question 29

What are the group 2 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

Answer 29

``` poner / poder / saber puse / pude / supe pusiste / pudiste / supiste puso / pudo / supo pusimos / pudimos / supimos pusieron / pudieron / supieron ```

Question 30

What are the group 3 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

Answer 30

``` andar / estar / tener anduve / estuve / tuve anduviste / estuviste / tuviste anduvo / estuvo / tuvo anduvimos / estuvimos / tuvimos anduvieron / estuvieron / tuvieron ```

Question 31

What are the group 4 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

Answer 31

``` hacer / querer / venir hice / quise / vine hiciste / quisiste / viniste hizo / quiso / vino hicimos / quisimos / vinimos hicieron / quisieron / vinieron ```

Question 32

What are the group 5 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

Answer 32

decir / traer/ conducir / producir / traducir dije / traje / conduje / produje / traduje dijiste / trajiste / condujiste / produjiste / tradujiste dijo / trajo / condujo / produjo / tradujo dijimos / trajimos / condujimos / produjimos / tradujimos dijeron / trajeron / condujeron / produjeron / tradujeron

Question 33

What three special verb phrases can we use to refer to the future without using the future tense?

Answer 33

1. ir + a + infinitive: going to (do something) 2. pensar + infinitive: intend/plan to (do something) 3. esperar + infinitive: expect/hope to (do something)

Question 33

What three special verb phrases can we use to refer to the future without using the future tense?

Answer 33

1. ir + a + infinitive: going to (do something) 2. pensar + infinitive: intend/plan to (do something) 3. esperar + infinitive: expect/hope to (do something)