Capsule surgery

Question 1

Varicose veins in which veins

Answer 1

Long saphenous =groin to medial lower leg
Short saphenous veins= popliteal fossa along calf gl lateral maleolus

Question 2

How to assess incompetence of varicose veins

Answer 2

Trendelenber, Doppler, simple tourniquet test

Question 3

Why give duplex US before varicose vein surgery

Answer 3

Previous DVT, previous surgery for varicose veins but returned

Question 4

Why offer surgery for varicose veins

Answer 4

Oedema, skin changed including lipodermstosclerosis and venous eczema and ulceration

Question 5

When or presents with AAA what is initial management

Answer 5

ABC+ RESUS
O2+ cannula
Fluids so systolic above 100- saline or Hartman
Vascular surgeon informed
Bloods taken
Insert catheter
If time take abdominal CT
IF abdo aorta more than 5.5cm then need to do surgery

Question 6

Treatment for Ischaemic limbs

Answer 6

Surgical embolectony, infra arterial thrombosis, IV heparin

Question 7

first line treatment for sciatica

Answer 7

reasurre and analgesia with anti inflammatories, muscle relaxant, physio.
more than60% improve in 6-8 weeks

Question 8

where do bony metastases originate form

Answer 8

breast, prostate, lung and common site of metastases is spine, pelvis and ribs

Question 9

periprosthetic lucency

Answer 9

prosthetic loosening or infection. resolved with excisional arthroplasty, 2 stage revision, singel stage revision, debridement and implant retention.
commenest cause of infected hip replacement: streptococcus, coagulase negative staphylococcus

Question 10

thomas test

Answer 10

examiner feels over the lumbar spine for a lordosis on the side of the suspected abnormality and then flexes the normal hip. This abolishes the lordosis and makes the flexion deformity of the affected side obvious.

Question 11

what does thomas test rule out

Answer 11

hip flexion contracture and psoas syndrome. fixed flexion hip deformity due to OA of hip

Question 12

tinel test

Answer 12

tapping the median nerve at the wrist to reproduce symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms involve numbness and tingling of the thumb, index and middle finger, tests for median nerve problems through carpal tunnel

Question 13

phalens test

Answer 13

hyperflexing the wrist for 1-2 minutes to reproduce carpal tunnel symptoms.

Question 14

carpal tunnel

Answer 14

shaking wrist may alleviate symptoms. diuretics is a recognised treatment

Question 15

carpal tunnel

Answer 15

shaking wrist may alleviate symptoms. diuretics is a recognised treatment

Question 16

what is associated with NOF fracutre

Answer 16

shortening of leg, external rotation, posisble mal/ non union? treated with hip replacement . complications: non union, avacular necrosis, DVT

Question 17

thomas test and trendelenburg

Answer 17

test fixed flexion deformity of hip