Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

corrections phase 1c > passmed > Flashcards

passmed Flashcards

1
Q

wernicke aphasia

A

receptive. lesion of superior temporal gyrus. supplied by inferior division of left middle cerebral artery. forms speech before sending to broca. lesions: sentence not make sense, word salad. comprehension impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

broca aphasia

A

expressive. lesion of inferior frontal gyrus, supplied by superior division of left middle cerebral artery. speech is not fluent, laboured, repitition impaired. comprehension is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

conduction aphasia

A

usually due to stroke affecting arcuate fasciculus (connection between wenicke’s and broca’s area). speech is fluent but repetition is poor. aware of errors making, comprension is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

global aphasia

A

large lesison resulting in severe expressive and receptive aphasia, may still communicate using gestures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stroke in anterior cerebral artery

A

contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss, lower extremity> upper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

middle cerebral artery stroke

A

contralateral hemiparesis (paralysis occuring on side of the body opposite to the side of the brain in which lesion occurs) and sensory loss, upper extremity> lower. controlateral homonymous hemianopia (only see one side (left/right) of the visual world of each eye), aphasia (difficulty with their language or speech)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia and macular sparing, visual agnosia (impairment in recognizing visually presented objects, despite otherwise normal vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

weber’s syndrome

A

branches of posterior cerebral artery that supply midbrain (ipsilateral CN III palsy, controlateral weakness of upper and lower extremity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

ipsilateral: facial pain and temperature loss. contralteral: limb/torso pain and temperature loss. ataxia (group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech), nystagmus (rhythmical, repetitive and involuntary movement of the eyes.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

epilepsy of temporal lobe

A

Hallucaintions (auditory/ gustatory/olfactory), epigastric rising/emotional, automatisms (lip smacking/grabbing/plucking), deja vu/dysphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epilepsy of frontal lobe (motor)

A

head/leg movements, posturing, post-ictal weakness, jacksonian march (distal limb to ipsilateral face)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epilepsy of parietal lobe

A

sensory, paraesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual, floaters/ flashes (small dark dots, squiggly lines, rings, cobwebs and flashes of light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cause of AKI-prerenal

A

ischaemia/ lack of blood flowing to kidneys. eg hypovolaemia secondary to diagghoea/vomiting, renal artery stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cause of AKI- intrinsic

A

intrinsic damage to glomeruli, renal tubes or intersitirum of kidneys. could be due to toxins (drugs, contrast etc) or immune mediated glomulernephritis. other examples eg acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute interstitial nephritis, rhabdomyolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cause of AKI-post renal

A

obstruction to urine coming from the kidneys resulting in things ‘backing up’ and affecting normal renal function. eg kidney stones in ureter/ bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia, external compression of the ureter

17
Q

RF for AKI

A

CKD, other organ failure/ Chronic disease (eg DM), history of AKI, use of drugs with nephrotoxic potential (NSAID, ACEi, ARB) oliguria (urine output less than 0.5ml/kg/hr(

18
Q

PC for AKI

A

many early AKI may experience no symptoms, but possible symptoms are reduced urine output, pulmonary and peripheral oedema, arrhythmias (secondary to changes in K and acid base balance), features of uraemia (eg pericarditis, or encephalopathy)

19
Q

how to detect AKI

A

U&E blood test (Na, K, Urea, Creatinine)
rise in serum creatinine of 26 micromol/l, or greater within 48 hours.
50% rise in known serum creatinine
fall in urine output.
urinalysis
can do renal US if no identifiable cause for deterioration

20
Q

treatment of H.pylori

A

triple therapy: amoxicilin, clarithromycin, omeprazole

21
Q

management of AKI

A

supportive, careful fluid balance, review pt medication to see what makes things worse/ better for AKI
safe to continue in AKI: paracetamol, warfarin, statins, aspiring (cardioprotective dose of 75mg 1d), clopidogrel, beta blockers
should be stopped as may worsen renal function: NSAID, aminoglycosides, ACEi, ARB, diuretics
medication to stop in AKI as inc risk of toxicity: metformin, lithium, digoxin

22
Q

how to manager hyperkalaemia

A

stabilisation of cardiac membrane: IV calcium gluconate
ST shift in K from extracellular to intracellula: 50ml 50% dextrose, and 10 units insulin. nebulised salbutamol
Remove K+ from the body: calcium resonium (orally/enema), loop diuretic, dialysis

23
Q

SLE manifestations

A

autoimmune disease, oral and nasal painless ulcers, pancytopenia, malar or discord rash, serositis, athropathy, photosensitivity, headache, renal involvement.

24
Q

how would you test for SLE?

A

antinuclear antibodies (ANA), so if not ANA positive, not SLE. but if ANA positive, it could be ANA or something else as well (highly sensitive but not specific). anti dsDNA and anti smith (both highly specific but not sensitive)

25
Q

how would you monitor for SLE

A

inflammatory markers (ESR, active disease CRP may be normal but raised CRP may suggest underlying infection). complement level (C3/C4) low in active disease. anti dsDNA can be used for disease monitoring

26
Q

what are the branches of the aorta

A

T12: coeliac trunk, L1: left renal artery, L2: testicular or ovarian arteries L3: inferior mesenteric artery L4: bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

27
Q

what are the things in relation to the gall bladder

A

ant: liver, post: covered by peritoneum, transverse colon, 1st part of duodenum. lat: right lobe of liver, medi: quadrate lobe of liver

28
Q

vasculature to gall bladder

A

cystic artery (branch of right hepatic artery), venous drainage directly to liver. lund’s node is sentinel lymph node of the gall bladder

29
Q

what are things in relation to common bile duct

A

origin: confluence of cystic and common hepatic ducts
medially: hepatic artery, posteriorly: portal vein
dodenum is anterio, pancreas: medial and lateral. right renal vein: post
arterial supply: branches of hepatic artery and reotroduodenal branches of gastroduodenal artery

30
Q

relation of hepatobiliary triangle

A

medially: common hepatic duct, inferiorly: cystic duct, superiorly: inferior edge of liver. contents: cystic artery

31
Q

what supplies medial aspect of leg

A

saphenous nerve which arises from femoral nerve

32
Q

what supplies lateral foot

A

sural nerve which arises from common fibular and tibial nerves

33
Q

what supplies dorsum of the foot

A

majority from the superficial fibular nerve

34
Q

what supplies web space between the 1st and 2nd toe and sole of foot

A

deep fibular nerve, tibial nerve

35
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

C5-C7, motor= wlbow flexion (supplies biceps brachii) and supination. sensory to lateral part of forearm. isolated injury usually injured as part of brachial plexus

36
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate

A

C5,C6. shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle). sensory: inferior region of the deltoid muscle. injury to humeral neck fracture/ dislocation. results in flattened deltoid

37
Q

what does radial nerve innervate

A

C5-C8. extension (forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb), sensory: small area between dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpal, injury to humeral midshaft, palsy results in wrist drop

38
Q

median nerve

A

C6, C8, T1. LOAF muscles.
palmar aspect of later 3 and 1/2 fingers. wrist lesion–> carpal tunnel syndrome. wrist: paralysis of thenar muscles, opponens pollicis
elbow: loss of pronation of forearm and weak wrist flexion

39
Q

ulnar nerve

A

C8, T1. motor: intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF. wrist flexion

corrections phase 1c (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions