Carbohydrate Digestion FC

Question 1

Questions

Answer 1

Answers

Question 2

How is fructose transported into the cell?

Answer 2

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

What types of carbohydrates are used by the body?

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What disaccharide is made up of 2 glucose?

Answer 4

Maltose

Question 5

What disaccharide is made up of 1 glucose and 1 fructose?

Answer 5

Sucrose

Question 6

What disaccaride is made up of 1 glucose and 1 galactose?

Answer 6

Lactose

Question 7

What determines whether a sugar is D or L?

Answer 7

The penultimate carbon

Question 8

Which way does the OH point in the alpha form? Beta form?

Answer 8

Alpha - downward (below plane of ring)

Beta - upward (above plane of ring)

Question 9

What is the difference between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides? What are 3 homopolysaccharides? What are a few heteropolysaccarides?

Answer 9

Homo - repeating single monomer
Hetero - repeating disaccarhide (more than one monomer)
Homopolysaccarhides - Starch, cellulose, glycogen
Heteropolysaccarides - Chondrotin, Heparin, hyaluronic acid

Question 10

What type of bond are humans unable to break? What is this typically found in? Why is it still good to consume it?

Answer 10

B1-4 linkage
Cellulose
Stretches intestinal wall, allowing enzymes on brush border to more easily access food

Question 11

What are glycoconjugates?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates that are covalently attached to protein and lipid molecules

Question 12

What are anylose and amylopectin? How are they different?

Answer 12

Starches in plants, composed of glucose

Amylopectin is the branched form

Question 13

How is glycogen different from amylopectin?

Answer 13

Glycogen is more highly banched, more alpha1-6 glycosidic linkages

Question 14

How are glucose and galactose absorbed/transported into the cell?

Answer 14

Using a Na+ symporter

Question 15

How do all three monosaccarides transported into the blood stream?

Answer 15

Through GLUT2 - glucose transport protein

Question 16

How is the Na gradient re-established in the cell?

Answer 16

Na/K ATPase pump and base of cell

Question 17

What two enzymes are used to digest carbohydrates? Where are each found?

Answer 17

Amylase - saliva

Oligosaccharidases - on brush border

Question 18

What causes some people to have lactose intolerance?

Answer 18

Deficiency in lactase

Question 19

Where is SGLT-1 found?

Answer 19

Enterocyte (cell on intestinal lining)

Question 20

Where is SGLT-2 found?

Answer 20

Kidney tubules to reabsorb glucose

Question 21

Where is GLUT-4 found?

Answer 21

Skeletal muscle, transported glucose into skeltal muscle from blood