CR III - N-Containing Compounds Flashcards
What two compounds are used to make porphyrin in higher animals?
Glycine and succinyl-CoA
Two molecules of porphyrin make up what?
Gamma-aminolevulinate
From gamma-aminoleculinate, what are the next three steps to form heme?
2 molecules gamma-aminoleculinate = porphobilinogen
4 porphobilinogen = protoporphyrin
Iron inserted into protoporphyrin
What enzyme inserts iron into protoporphyrin to produce heme?
Ferrochelatase
What accumulates in acute intermittent porphyria? What symptoms does this cause?
Accumulation of uroporphyrinogen I - abnormal isomer of protoporphyrin
Red urine, teeth fluroesce red, anemic due to insufficient heme synthesis
In plants and bacteria, what is the precursor to gamma-aminolevulinate?
Glutamate
What converts heme to biliverdin? Biliverdin to bilirubin?
Heme oxygenase
Bilverdin reductase
What is bilirubin bound to in the blood?
Albumin
What is insufficient in jaundice?
Glucouroyl bilirubin transferase
What is the most abundant antioxidant?
Bilirubin
What three AA are required to synthesize creatinine?
Glycine, arginine, methionine (methyl group donor)
What three AA is glutathione synthesized from?
Glutamate, cysteine, and glycine
What are the two purposes of glutathione?
Maintain sulfhydryl groups of protein in reduced state
Maintain iron in heme in ferrous state
What is the cofactor needed to turn L-isomers into D-AA?
Pyridoxal phosphate
What racemase is a target for pharmaceutical agents?
Alanine racemase
